Reading and Blank-filling
语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1
Lions， tigers and other animals are staying awake at night 1 （avoid） human beings， a new study finds.
Scientists have known that human activities can lead to changes in nature. Many animals may move around less or travel to far places to keep away 2 people. By being awake at night， animals can also be on guard against possible 3 （enemy） and spend less time looking for food.
The latest research found even activities like 4 （farm） and camping can frighten animals and cause them to become more active at night. 5 had been studied were lions in Tanzania， tigers in Nepal and monkeys in Brazil. Researchers compared 6 （careful） how much time those animals were active at night in areas of human activities， such as hunting and farming. 7 was human activities that caused an increase of about 20 percent in night-time activities， even in creatures that usually sleep at night. Results 8 （publish） in the journal Science two months ago.
The new findings are unusual because no one else 9 （look） at it in such detail before. Ecologist Marlee Tucker was 10 （surprise） that any kind of human activities is enough for animals to see people as a threat.
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2
Iceland is a land of volcanoes. Nowhere is 1 （evident） than on the Westman Islands off the southern coast of Iceland. Here， 2 （century） of volcanic eruptions formed many eye-catching sea cliffs （悬崖）， among 3 one stands out： A part of the volcano-formed coast on Heimaey looks exactly like the head of a large elephant 4 （stick） its trunk in the water.
In fact， it looks so much like an elephant that many people think it must have been shaped by humans. That is not 5 case， however. The elephant's realistic 6 （appear） is， at least partially， due to the fact that the cliff 7 （consist） of a special rock. The rock gives the figure “skin” that looks wrinkled and gray， just like that of a real elephant.
The most common theory is that the rock formations came from the Eldfell Volcano， which 8 （erupt） many times since the 1940s.
In spite of the strong resemblance to an elephant， some people 9 （actual） see something different when they look at the rock formation. They see the fictional character Cthulhu， a sea beast.
Whether you see an elephant 10 a fictional beast， as one of many attractions on Heimaey， the rock does draw curious sightseers.
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3
Do you enjoy 1 （explore） the great outdoors？ Lately， rock climbing has become very popular. Cliff ecosystems are home 2 many living things. Since climbing is a 3 （fair） new activity， we don't know its impact （影响） on cliff ecosystems.
Here， we studied how climbers affect birds that nest on cliffs. We 4 （select） cliffs that face different directions. Half of the cliffs are visited by lots of climbers and half by very few climbers.5 （compare） the number and species of birds on these different cliffs， we found that east-facing cliffs have the 6 （great） number and diversity of birds. Our results show that north-facing cliffs are the best option for new climbing routes 7 it comes to protecting wildlife. Our solution may help the area to handle the growing number of climbers while protecting cliff ecosystems.
Our results show that rock climbing doesn't impact the number of birds on a cliff， but it does reduce the diversity of birds on each cliff. Our study helps us understand 8 living things respond to rock climbing. But we need to keep in mind that each climbing area has 9 （it） own unique conditions. We need to study the 10 （combine） impacts of natural and human factors for every location.
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