天宫语法学堂(3)

作者: 曲弯弯

Tiger Wang和Rabbit Zhang来到了海底,他们面前是一座巍峨的宫殿。

is the palace?

it underwater?

这应该是考我们一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。左边是对宫殿的具体信息提问,填Where;右边是一个关于“是否”的问题,填Is!

Tiger Wang的语法笔记:

一般疑问句是用来询问“是或不是”的问题。其结构为助动词(do/does)/情态动词(can/may等)/be动词(am/is/are)+主语+其他成分。其肯定回答为“Yes, 主语+be/助动词/情态动词.”,否定回答为“No, 主语+be/助动词/情态动词+not.”。如:—Does she go to school?—Yes, she does./ No, she doesn’t.

特殊疑问句是用来询问某个具体信息的问句,通常以特殊疑问词(如what、who、whose、how、where、when等)开头。当对宾语、状语、表语提问时,结构为:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,如:When does she go to school?当疑问词作主语或主语的定语时,结构为:特殊疑问词(+主语)+谓语动词+其他成分,如:Who knows the answer?/ Whose answer is correct?

他们走进去,只见——

So many pearls. How many do they cost?

So many pearls. How much do they cost?

这题简单!pearls是可数名词复数形式,所以肯定是:“How many do they cost?”

她选的贝壳上闪烁着红光,并发出巨大的警报声!

不对!这是对珍珠价格的提问,与珍珠的数量没有关系!应该是:“How much do they cost?”

答对了!所有的贝壳连成了一座贝壳桥。

Rabbit Zhang的语法笔记:

How many用来询问“多少”,适用于可数名词。如:How many apples are there?

How much也用来询问“多少”,适用于不可数名词,或者用于询问价格。如:How much water do you drink?/ How much does this book cost?

走过贝壳桥,Tiger Wang和Rabbit Zhang在这座海底宫殿逛了起来,请将他们的对话补充完整吧。

palace is this?  the palace belong to a loong?

Yes, it .

I saw many statues(雕像) near the bridge. statues are there?

Six!

他们走进大殿,没想到竟然遇到了Dr Loong!

Dr Loong! This must be your home!

May we go inside and have a look?

Yes, you may!

博古架上陈列着各种各样的贝壳与珍珠,真美啊!

这是……可以摸一摸珍珠吧!填must。

Watch out! You (must) touch the pearls.

Rabbit Zhang伸出手去——哎呀!贝壳夹住了她的手指!

Watch out是“小心”的意思,应该是不让我们摸!这里要填mustn’t。

呜呜!不愧是Dr Loong,家里到处是语法陷阱!Must we stay very far away from the pearls?

No, you needn’t. Just be careful not to touch them.

Dr Loong的语法讲义:

must的否定形式是mustn’t,表示禁止做某事。如:You mustn’t run on the train.

但must疑问句的否定回答却不用mustn’t。一般有三种回答方式:

回答用needn’t或don’t have to,表示不需要、没必要做某事,如:- Must I finish this today? - No, you needn’t.

回答用can’t,表示不能、没有权限做某事,如:- Must I go in there? - No, you can’t. It’s not allowed.

This morning, we went to the museum. We saw so many exhibits(展品). “You (must) touch them.” A staff(工作人员) told us. I asked, “Must we stay far away from them?” He said, “No, you .”

It got dark, but we still had a lot of things to see, so we asked the same staff, “May we stay here longer?” He said, “No, you .The museum is closing soon. You (may) be allowed to stay here.”We went back home in time.

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