世界与环境

激活·素养解读

实践·读写整合

Climate change

气 候 变 化

1 Climate change is a longtermshift in global or regional climate patterns. Often climatechange refers specifically to the rise in global temperatures from the mid20thcenturyto the present.

2 Climate is sometimes mistaken for weather. But climate is different from weatherbecause it is measured over a long period of time， whereas weather can change fromday to day， or from year to year. The climate of an area includes seasonal temperature，rainfall averages and wind patterns. Different places have different climates. A desert， forexample， is referred to as an arid climate because little water falls as rain or snow， duringthe year. Other types of climate include tropical climates， which are hot and humid， andtemperate climates， which have warm summers and cold winters.

3 Climate change is the longtermalteration of temperature and typical weather patternsin a place. Climate change could refer to a particular location or the planet as awhole. Climate change may cause weather patterns to be less predictable. These unexpectedweather patterns can make it difficult to maintain and grow crops in regions that relyon farming because expected temperature and rainfall levels can no longer be relied on. Climatechange has also been connected with other damaging weather events such as more frequentand more intense hurricanes， floods， downpours and winter storms.

4 In polar regions， the warming global temperatures associated with climate changehave meant ice sheets and glaciers are melting at an accelerated rate from season to season.This contributes to sea levels rising in different regions of the planet. Together withexpanding ocean waters due to rising temperatures， the resulting rise in sea level has begunto damage coastlines as a result of increased flooding and erosion.

5 The cause of current climate change is largely human activity， such as burning fossilfuels like natural gas， oil and coal. Burning these materials releases what are called greenhousegases into Earth's atmosphere. There， these gases trap heat from the sun's rays insidethe atmosphere causing Earth's average temperature to rise. This rise in the planet's temperatureis called global warming. The warming of the planet impacts local and regional climates.Throughout Earths history， climate has continually changed. When occurring natu⁃rally， this is a slow process that has taken place over hundreds and thousands of years.The humaninfluencedclimate change that is happening now is occurring at a much fasterrate.

Activity A Reading for understanding

语篇解码

（一）主题归纳

What is the text mainly about？

_______________________

（二）结构分析与信息梳理

Fill in the blanks according to the text with only one word for each blank.

Activity B Reading for writing

一、词块积累

refer specifically to 特指

be measured over a long period of time 经过长时间的测量

change from day to day 天天变化

fall as rain or snow 以雨或雪的形式落下

have warm summers 有温暖的夏季

be referred to as 被称为

rely on 依赖

be connected with 与……有关联

melt at an accelerated rate 加速融化

contribute to 有助于

rise in different regions of the planet 在地球的不同地区上升

expanding ocean waters（ 不断）扩大的海洋水域

二、典句赏析

（一）让步状语从句

But climate is different from weather because it is measured over a long period oftime， whereas weather can change from day to day， or from year to year. 但是气候与天气不同，因为气候是经过长时间测量的，而天气可以天天变化或年年变化。

【点石成金】whereas引导让步状语从句，当置于句首时，需要用逗号将从句与主句隔开。

【例句仿写】压倒性的科学证据支持这一事实，即气候变化正在发生，并且在很大程度上是由人类活动引起的， 尽管有些人否认气候变化的存在。

（二）时间状语从句

When occurring naturally， this is a slow process that has taken place over hundredsand thousands of years. 当它自然发生时，这是一个缓慢的过程，已经持续了几百甚至几千年。

【点石成金】When引导时间状语从句，并且when后面省略了it is。

【例句仿写】当忽视人类活动对地球气候的影响时，我们正在加速气候变化并破坏我们的环境。

三、写作迁移

每年4月是你校的环境保护月。假定你是李华，学校环境保护社社长，请你代表社团以“Slowing down global warming”为主题写一篇演讲稿。内容包括：

1. 描述全球气候变暖的现状和危害；

2. 分析原因；

3. 列举措施。

注意：

1. 词数80左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 至少需要使用一个本文中解析过的句式；

4. 注意段落内的逻辑关系。

Dear fellow students，_______________________

写作导引

激活思维

本次写作任务是写一篇演讲稿，要求我们代表环境保护社向全校学生简单、清晰地介绍全球气候变暖的现状和危害，分析现状的成因并列举措施。题目要求我们使用让步状语从句或时间状语从句。这些写作要求与所给语篇的主题语境是紧密相关的。我们可以通过整合同一主题的阅读材料的内容和语言，梳理写作思路和积累素材。

素材积累

本次写作任务是基于同一主题的语篇阅读的写作，我们可以通过学习、模仿并运用阅读中的语言表达，如词块和句型，积累写作的语言素材。

（一）开头

1. Ladies and gentlemen， today I would like to share with you an important issue thataffects our lives—global warming. 女士们，先生们，今天我想和大家分享一个影响我们生活的重要问题——全球（气候）变暖。

2. At this critical moment， we must face the challenges brought about by globalwarming and find solutions. 在这个关键的时刻，我们必须正视全球（气候）变暖所带来的挑战，找到解决之道。

（二）全球气候变暖的现状和危害

1. Global warming has made weather patterns become unpredictable， causing greatdifficulties in agriculture as we can no longer rely on expected temperatures and rainfall forplanting and farming. 全球（气候）变暖导致天气模式变得不可预测，给农业带来了巨大的困扰，因为我们无法再依赖预期的温度和降雨量进行种植和养殖。