肢体，信息的传递。

第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50 分）

第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Non⁃verbal communication is a broad term used to describe any method of conveyinginformation without words. Whether intentional， based on societal cues （提示）， or com⁃pletely unconscious， common forms of non⁃verbal communication include body languageand facial cues， fashion and personal clothing， hand gestures， as well as graphical signsand design.

It is important to note that non⁃verbal communication is really about a lack of words，rather than a lack of speech sounds. That means writing would be considered verbalcommunication while sounds like grunts （嘟哝声） would not.

Non⁃verbal communication can be broadly divided into relatively universal forms andculturally dependent forms. Many facial expressions， for example， are relatively universal，with most cultures able to identify expressions of fear， joy， or anger. On the other hand，non⁃verbal cues like bowing， shaking hands， or flashing a peace sign are culturally charac⁃teristic， and therefore have little meaning outside of cultures that understand them.

Fashion is a form of non⁃verbal communication， and in many modern cultures it is ahugely important way in which people telegraph things about themselves.

Gestures also act as a form of non⁃verbal communication. A wide range of handgestures can be found in most cultures， and in the west there are some almost universalgestures， such as a wave goodbye， a thumbs⁃up to show everything is okay， or handoutspread to signify offerings.

Body language is one of the most studied forms of non⁃verbal communication， anddeals with how the body rests， how it is situated in relation to other bodies， and the specialdistance between bodies. For example， turning towards a person when seated and speaking to him/her is a non⁃verbal cue showing interest， while turning away shows a lack of interest.Tipping your head slightly is a form of non⁃verbal communication to show curiosity orexpress that you are listening closely to what the person is saying， while constantly lookingaway would show a lack of attention.

1. What is the purpose of the author in writing the text？

A. To explain what non⁃verbal communication is.

B. To introduce some universal body language.

C. To compare non⁃verbal cues and verbal ones.

D. To discuss the cultural shock of communication.

2. According to the author， the meaning of differs across cultures.

A. smiling B. grunting

C. bowing D. screaming

3. What is paragraph 6 mainly about？

A. Body language is the most frequently studied by scientists.

B. Body language relies on body movements to convey messages.

C. Body language can be used to express different meanings.

D. Body language varies very slightly from one country to another.

B

A Norfolk sheepdog named Peggy spent most of her life working on a farm and helpingher human herd animals from place to place. She was great at her job， which requires keenintelligence and the ability to listen to a shepherd's signals. But everything changed whenPeggy suddenly went deaf for unknown reasons.

Peggy was sent to an animal shelter in 2018. With the shelter full， staffers tried to finda foster family for her to spend the holidays with. Thankfully， animal welfare managerChloe Shorten stepped up to take her in！“ We decided she could stay with us temporarilywhile we found somewhere more permanent to take her in， but we completely fell in lovewith her almost immediately and it soon became clear that she wouldn't be going any⁃where！” Chloe said.“ She was greasy and out of condition， untrusting and frightened，” theshelter added.

“She soon started to bond with me and we started taking her to fun places like the beach， something we don't think she has ever experienced before，” Chloe said.“ With sometender loving care and good food， Peggy soon started to adjust to life. Several months on，Peggy has blossomed into a dog who is continuing to improve daily.”

One of the biggest ways Peggys new family helped her adjust was getting her back towork. Working dogs are bred to do a specific job， and without a purpose， they can growdepressed and bored. So Chloe introduced the dog to hand signs and taught her to use hereyes in place of her ears while on the job. Now that she's 10， she's“ generally retired”， butshe still enjoys herding and continues to impress her family with how quickly she learnsnew skills.

4. What can we infer about Peggy from the text？

A. She is ten and has retired.

B. She went deaf due to a rare condition.

C. It was long before she adjusted to her new life.

D. She was abandoned by her former family.

5. How many ways did Chloe use to help Peggy adjust in the text？

A. Two. B. Three. C. Five. D. Six.

6. Why did Chloe get Peggy back to work？

A. She was depressed and bored by her performance.