多角度解读文本,问题链驱动续写

作者: 莫炎芬

多角度解读文本,问题链驱动续写0

读后续写是近年高考试卷中书面表达的重要题型,要完成续写,我们需要先理解原文的情节,构建情境模式,而后完成续写内容。在续写的过程中,我们构建的情境模式需与原文协同,以确保续写的内容和语言风格与原文连贯、一致。目前我们在读后续写中存在的普遍问题主要是对原文的解读不够深入,这导致在续写过程中,续写内容往往会出现故事情节偏离主题、角色性格前后矛盾、伏笔未能回收、角色引入不当、时空前后混乱、结局模糊与价值升华缺失等问题。要避免这些问题,我们应从多角度解读文本。

【名师导学】

1. 解读角色信息。首先,我们要关注角色的性格特征。作者往往通过角色的外貌、行为、心理活动,甚至是角色形象的局部或细微变化来表现其独有的思想、品质、习惯、价值取向等。另外,我们要分析角色关系。在故事中往往会出现多个角色,这就需要我们在阅读过程中,准确地分析他们之间的关系。

2. 解读故事时空线。故事发生的时间、地点是故事发展的要素。我们尤其要关注时空的转换带来的情节变化。我们在阅读的过程中,可以在原文中画出所有时空信息。

3. 解读故事情节线。故事的情节线是故事发展的脉络,也是我们俗称的明线。情节线主要围绕故事的时间、地点、人物、事件、高潮、结局展开,我们可以在阅读原文的过程中画出关键的名词和动词来把握故事发展的过程和细节,也可以借助“故事山”或思维导图来分析故事的情节线。

4. 解读情感发展线。故事的情感线也称为暗线,关注角色的情感变化的过程和原因是解读原文的重要抓手。了解故事中主人公的情绪变化,有助于我们了解作者的写作意图和观点态度。由于作者多借助形容词、副词来表现人物的情感发展和变化,进而表情达意,所以我们在阅读原文的过程中,可以关注原文中的形容词和副词。

【案例导引】

I have recently completed my college degree. The last class I had to take was Sociology. The teacher was absolutely inspiring with the qualities that I wish every human being had been graced with.

Her last project of the term was called “Smile”. The class was asked to go out and

smile at three people and document their reactions. I am a very friendly person and always smile at everyone and say hello anyway, so I thought this would be a piece of cake, literally.

Soon after we were assigned the project, my classmates and I went out to a popular restaurant on a freezing March morning. We were standing in line, waiting to be served, when all of a sudden everyone around us began to back away, and then even my classmates did. I did not move an inch. An overwhelming feeling of panic welled up inside of me as I turned to see why they had moved. As I turned around, I smelled a horrible “dirty body” smell, and standing there behind me were two poor homeless men.

As I looked down at the shorter gentleman, close to me, he was smiling. His beautiful sky?鄄blue eyes were full of light as he searched for acceptance. He said “Good day” as he counted the few coins he had been clutching.

The second man fumbled with his hands as he stood behind his friend. I realized the second man was mentally deficient. I held my tears as I stood there with them.

The young lady behind the counter asked the shorter gentleman what they wanted. He said, “Coffee is all, Miss.” That was all they could afford to be able to sit in the restaurant and warm up. They had to buy something. They just wanted to be warm. Then I really felt it, a compulsion so great that I almost reached out and embraced the little man with the blue eyes. That was when I noticed all eyes in the restaurant were set on me, judging my reaction. I smiled and asked the young lady behind the counter to give me two more breakfast meals.

注意:

1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右;

2. 续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好。

Paragraph 1:

I then walked around the corner to the table that the men had chosen as a resting spot.

Paragraph 2:

Several days later, our teacher learned the story.

三、原文中的丰富句式和巧妙用词

(一)丰富的句式

1. Soon after we were assigned the project, my classmates and I went out to a popular restaurant on a freezing March morning. 我们被分配到这个项目后不久,我和

我的同学在三月里一个寒冷的早晨去了一家很受欢迎的餐厅。

分析:作者和同学接受了老师布置的项目后,来到一家很受欢迎的餐厅,这样的餐厅通常应该是很多人光顾的,然而后面的poor homeless men光临时却无人欢迎。另外,该句交代了故事发生的天气状况——a freezing March morning,这样寒冷的天气背景为后文流浪汉来买咖啡以求一处取暖之地的情节埋下伏笔。此句中,soon after意为“不久之后”,后跟时间状语从句。

2. As I turned around, I smelled a horrible“dirty body” smell, and standing there behind me were two poor homeless men. 当我转过身,我闻到了一股刺鼻的体臭味,站在我身后的是两个可怜的流浪汉。

分析:a horrible “dirty body” smell说明了两个流浪汉让餐厅的其他人避而远之的原因,也更加凸显了作者主动帮他们买早餐的可贵之处。另外,standing there behindme were two poor homeless men为倒装句,强调了两位“不速之客”的到来,丰富了文章的句式。

(二)巧妙的用词

文章多处通过情感、心理和动作细节描写刻画人物形象和表达人物的内心活动,使读者身临其境。例如:

1. We were standing in line, waiting to be served, when all of a sudden everyone around us began to back away, and then even my classmates did. 我们正在排队等候服务,突然,我们周围的每个人都开始后退,甚至我的同学也后退了。

分析:back away生动地表现了众人对两个流浪汉的嫌弃。

2. I did not move an inch. An overwhelming feeling of panic welled up inside of me as I turned to see why they had moved. 我一动也没动。当我转过头来想看看他们为什么移动时,一种强烈的恐慌情绪涌上了我的心头。

分析:move an inch、an overwhelming feeling和welled up都十分生动形象地描写了作者当时的反应和情感的变化。

3. He said“Good day” as he counted the few coins he had been clutching. 他一边数着那几枚一直攥着的硬币,一边说“你好”。

分析:counted和had been clutching让这个流浪汉捉襟见肘的窘境跃然纸上,十分传神。

4. I held my tears as I stood there with them. 我强忍着泪水,和他们站在一起。

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