Old castles in England英国的古老城堡

Berkhamsted Castle

1 Built in 1066 by Robert of Mortain， Berkhamsted Castle is theoldest castle in England. In 1216， the castle was captured by LouisⅧ and was owned by several members of the royal family in the follow⁃ing years. By the 15th century， the castle became unpopular with areputation as being unfit for the royal leaders. A conical motte （城堡丘陵） stands at the northeast corner of the castle. The London⁃Birmingham Railway was di⁃rected through the castle. Berkhamsted was the first castle to be protected by an Act of Par⁃liament （议会）.

Norwich Castle

2 The Norwich Castle was built between 1066 and 1075 in Nor⁃wich， England by William the Conqueror to keep the newly acquiredkingdom of East Anglia in subjection （屈服）. The castle is fitted withan entry that is 88ft long and 68ft high. The southern half of the castleis divided into several rooms including a fireplace， a private king's room， and a chapel （小教堂）. Since its construction， the castle has served as a garrison （驻防地）， a county prison，and currently acts as a museum. The Norwich Castle Museum & Art Gallery houses a col⁃lection of art， archaeology， and national exhibitions.

Warwick Castle

3 Warwick Castle in Warwickshire， England， was built in 1068by William the Conqueror. The original castle was built of wood be⁃fore being rebuilt in stone in the 12th century. A river flows belowthe castle on the eastern side where eroding rock has formed acliff that acts as a natural barrier. The castle has been open to the public since the 17thcentury and has become a significant part of history of 19th century England.

Lincoln Castle

4 Lincoln Castle in Lincoln， England， was constructed in 1068 byWilliam the Conqueror to replace a Roman fortress （堡垒） that occu⁃pied the land. It is one of two castles that have two mottes， the otherone being Lewes Castle. It is one of the best⁃preserved castles in Eng⁃land after serving as a prison and a law court. It is now open to the public as a museum.

Reading

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1. What can we learn about Berkhamsted Castle？

A. The kings family once lived in it.

B. It was constructed by Louis Ⅷ.

C. It lies in the northeast corner of England.

D. It is the newest⁃preserved castle in England.

2. What is special about Warwick Castle？

A. It was built as a museum.

B. It was a wooden castle at first.

C. It was built as a natural barrier.

D. It was built by William the Conqueror in 1067.

3. What do Norwich Castle and Lincoln Castle have in common？

A. They both have two mottes.

B. They were built at the same time.

C. They act as museums at present.

D. They were once used as the king's palace.

Ⅱ. 语句分析

1. A river flows below the castle on the eastern side where eroding rock has formed acliff that acts as a natural barrier. 一条河流流经城堡东侧的下方，侵蚀的岩石形成了峭壁，这种峭壁充当了天然屏障。

【点石成金】本句是一个主从复合句。A river flows below the castle on the easternside是主句，where eroding rock has formed a cliff是限制性定语从句。

2. The castle has been open to the public since the 17th century and has become a sig⁃nificant part of history of 19th century England. 这座城堡自17世纪开始向公众开放，并成为19世纪英格兰历史的重要组成部分。

【点石成金】本句是一个简单句。句子的主干The castle has been open...and hasbecome a significant part是主系表结构。

Ø 语言运用

Ⅰ. 例句仿写

1. 当我看到那张老照片时，我总是回想起我们相遇的场景。

As I saw the old photo， I always looked back on the scene .

2. 我的家乡是一个三面环山的美丽村庄。

My hometown is a beautiful village .

Ⅱ. 写作实践

假定你是李华，你和父母决定暑假期间到英国旅游，打算去参观几座著名的城堡。请你给英国好友Alice写一封邮件，让她推荐几处。要点如下：

1. 计划去旅游的时间和天数；

2. 希望她推荐几处城堡。

注意：

1. 词数80左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Alice，_____________________________________

Yours