巧用“SEPT+3C”原则,构思完美情节
作者: 郑林茂一、知识链接
面对高考新题型“读后续写”,很多考生可能感觉到无从下手,有时候会构思出一些不合逻辑的情节。那么,考生如何才能在考场中快速地对文本进行分析解读并构思出合理的情节呢?在考场有限的时间里,考生可以尝试利用“SEPT+3C”原则快速地解读文本,找到关键信息并构思出合理的情节。什么是“SEPT+3C”原则呢?简单来说,就是涵盖背景、情感、情节、主题、冲突等故事的基本要素及重要线索的英文单词的首字母。
Setting: 故事背景,主要包含时间、地点、主要人物。
Emotion: 主要人物的情感及情感变化。
Plot: 整个故事的情节发展,包括开始、发展、高潮和结尾。
Theme: 整个故事的主题。
Conflict: 整个故事的主要冲突,有可能是人与人的冲突,也可能是人与社会的冲突,也有可能是人与自身的冲突。
Clue: 整个故事阅读部分所包含的一些重要线索。
Characteristics of language: 整个故事阅读部分的语言风格特点。
为了方便记忆,将以上几个方面的英文单词的首字母组合起来,则形成了“SEPT+3C”。
那么,为什么读后续写的情节构思这么重要呢?不是说读后续写是开放式作文吗?读后续写的确是开放式作文,但考生很容易犯的错误就是构思出情节不合理的文章,这样的文章在高考阅卷中的得分是很低的。接下来,我们看一下高考阅卷中对读后续写的相关评分标准,这样我们就能够明白为什么情节构思这么重要了。
二、评分标准
根据最新的高考阅卷中对新题型“读后续写”的评分标准,我们可以得知,阅卷者主要从三个维度进行评分,分别是内容、衔接和语言。这三个维度所关注的内容及其在整个评分中所占的比重大致可以用下表展示:
从上表可以看出,内容占比高达60%,也就是内容是否完整、情节是否合理占了大部分的给分比重。一篇内容完整、情节合理但是语言有不少错误的读后续写应该给多少分呢?专家组给出的建议是20分,因为专家组给出的标准是内容优先,语言表达次之。如果不是句子结构和谓语动词的语言表达错误,读后续写可以达到20分,也就是接近优秀的水平。从这一点我们可以看到,构建符合逻辑、情节合理的读后续写内容才是我们要关注的重点。“SEPT+3C”原则就是为了帮助考生在短时间内快速挖掘出文章中的有用线索,并构思出合理的情节。
三、边学边悟
下面我们以“2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写”作为范例,介绍如何在实际考场中使用“SEPT+3C”原则。
The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet. People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.
Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help. When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them.
One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before. There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy. The little boy—his name was Bernard—had interested her very much.
“I wish you could see him,” she said to her own children, John, Harry, and Clara. “He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money, but I don t see what he can do.”
After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard. “I wish we could help him to earn money,” said Clara. “His family is suffering so much.”
“So do I,” said Harry. “We really should do something to assist them.”
For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and cried, “I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish (完成).”
The other children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea, it was sure to be a good one. “I tell you what we can do,” said John. “You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us? Well, we can make popcorn(爆米花), and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it.”
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
When Mrs. Meredith heard of John s idea, she thought it was a good one, too.
With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.
根据统计,很多考生的续写在情节构思方面存在不合理的情况,主要有:
(1)购买一个崭新的爆米花机来做爆米花。
(2)先去市场上买来玉米。
(3)扛着爆米花机和玉米去Bernard家做爆米花。
(4)除了做爆米花,没有任何其他的准备工作。
(5)在街上叫卖或者在街边支一个摊位卖爆米花。
(6)Meredith的三个孩子和Bernard一起去卖爆米花。
(7)Bernard没有参与做爆米花的过程,而是直接出现并拿着爆米花去卖。
如果在考试过程中采用“SEPT+3C”原则分析这些问题,那么我们很有可能可以避免这些不合理的情节。分析如下:
Setting——故事背景
故事背景应该包含时间、地点以及主要人物。不要小看对故事背景的梳理,因为有些故事明明发生在早上,有些考生写着写着就写到了下午的场景。对上文而言: