主题2:图画、图表类作文写作指南
作者: 张岚
命题导读
图画、图表类作文通常以图画、表格或图形的形式呈现,体裁多为说明文或议论文。此类题型要求考生根据图画和图表提供的信息、数据和文字内容进行描述、分析与讨论,得出令人信服的结论,或对某一结论进行评述。
图画、图表类作文常见的命题形式有图画、表格、条形图、饼状图、线形图。图画、图表中的信息和数据往往较多,写作时一般不能把各种信息和数据都列举出来。因此,读懂图画和图表是关键,考生要认真分析图画和图表的信息和数据。考生平常要多做练习,熟悉这类作文的写法,熟记常用词汇和句型。
写作导析
在平时的训练或考试中,图画、图表类作文出现的概率相对较小,所以考生不容易把握其写作技巧。图画、图表类作文不像提纲作文一样会给出写作要点,考生需要根据图画和图表内容来寻找信息,确定文章的写作思路。尽管图表作文与图画作文有很大的不同,但写作思路基本相同,可以归纳为以下三个方面:
1. 简要描述图画或图表的直观内容
写好图画、图表类作文的第一步是解读图画内容或分析图表中的数据变化所反映出来的问题或趋势,把直观看到的图画或图表的内容简单地描述出来,简要叙述图画的内容或图表所揭示的信息。这一部分简要概述即可,不需要展开。
2. 分析图画或数据并阐述原因
分析图画或数据变化的原因,并阐明理由,注意应使内容要点条理化、有序化。
3. 提出解决问题的建议或揭示图画的寓意,得出结论
和提纲作文一样,图画、图表类作文的最后也要总结全文的观点,根据图画或图表的内容给出相应的评价或者建议,这一点类似于社会问题型作文的结尾。
素材导背
一、高频词汇
1. 上升:rise、increase、go up
2. 下降:fall、drop、decrease、decline、reduce、lessen
3. 平稳:stable、steady、remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to
4. 占:occupy、take up、account for
5. 而:while、however、whereas、on the other hand
6. 相比:by contract、on the contrary、likewise、be compared with
7. 总结:to sum up、in short、in conclusion
二、高频句式
(一)说明图中的内容
1.Thetable/chart/diagram/graphshowsthat...这个表格/图表/示意图/曲线图表明……
2. According to the table/chart/diagram/graph... 根据表格/图表/示意图/曲线图……
3.Asisshowninthetable/chart/diagram/graph...如表格/图表/示意图/曲线图所示……
4. As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures... 从表格/图表/示意图/曲线图/数字中可以看出……
5. It can be seen that... 可以看出……
6. It is clear from the figures/statistics that... 从数字/统计数据可以清楚地看出……
7. It is apparent from the figures/statistics/table/chart/diagram/graph that... 从这些数字/统计数据/表格/图表/示意图/曲线图中可以明显看出……
8. In recent years, there has been rapid growth/development in the area of... 近年来,……区域有了很大的发展。
9. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of...in recent years. 近年来,……的数量呈上升趋势。
10. As is vividly depicted in the cartoon given above, we can observe that... 正如上面所给出的漫画生动描绘的那样,我们可以观察到……
11. It is obvious that the picture wants to draw our attention towards... 很明显,这幅画想引起我们对……的关注。
12. As can be seen in the picture, .../As is shown in the picture, .../As is seen in the picture, ... 如图所示,……
13. The picture describes an interesting phenomenon that... 这幅画描述了一个有趣的现象……
(二)发表观点或评价
1. Nowadays, more and more people are beginning to realize the importance of... 如今,越来越多的人开始意识到……的重要性。
2. The implied meaning of the picture should be taken into account seriously. 图片的寓意应深思。
3. There are many reasons for the great changes. 造成这种巨变的原因很多。
4. There may be three factors which contribute to the... First of all, ... And then the sec⁃ond reason is that... The last reason, I think, is that... 可能有三个因素导致了…… 首先,……然后,第二个原因是……最后一个原因,我认为是……
5. In my opinion, we should take some measures as follows to deal with the problems shown in the picture. 在我看来,我们应该采取以下一些措施来处理图片中呈现的问题。
6. The moral of this story is very simple. 这个故事的寓意是十分简单的。
7. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that...综合所有因素,我们可以得出结论……
8. It is high time that we put an end to the tendency of... 是我们结束……趋势的时候了。
9. There are several reasons for..., but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因,但总的来说,主要归结为三个。
10. Different people have different views on... 不同的人对……有不同的看法。
11. Contrary to the popular thought, I prefer... 与主流思想相反,我更喜欢……
12. As far as I am concerned, ... 就我而言,……
(三)常用总结句型
1. The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that... 这些数据/统计数据/数字可以让我们得出……的结论。
2. As can be seen from the diagram, great changes have taken place in... 从示意图中可以看出,……发生了巨大的变化。
3. From that year on, there was a gradual decline/reduction in... 从当年起,在……方面有一个平稳的下降/减少。
4. From all above, we can reach the conclusion that... 根据上述内容,我们可以得出结论……
5. Only in these ways can we solve the problem of... 只有这样,我们才能解决……的问题。
6. From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that... 通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论……
三、写作模板
写作模板1
As is shown in the bar graph given above, ..(. 现象概括)To be specific, ..(. 现象的具体描述)Besides, ..(. 现象的进一步描述)
In general, there are several factors accounting for such a trend/phenomenon(. 概述原因)Firstly, ..(. 原因1)Secondly, ..(. 原因2)Last but not least, ..(. 原因3)
Based on what has been mentioned above, we may come to the conclusion that..(. 总结上文,结束全文)
写作模板2
It seems to me that the drawing is sending a message about (图画内容),which reveals (稍作评价).
In my of view, . Apparently, (. 将个人观点和图片内容相结合,得出观点)On the one hand, .(从一个角度论证)On the other hand,(. 从另一个角度说明)
Simple as the image seems to be, the intended meaning goes far deeper. The illustra⁃tion is urging us to (建议或措施). Only in this way, can we (展望结果).
写作模板3
What an interesting picture! As is shown in the picture, (描述图中信息). Besides, (重复描述图中信息)
To my understanding, the picture intends to tell us the importance of (图片反映的核心问题). (. 对核心问题的简洁阐释)