七选五阅读备考策略

一、命题解读

七选五阅读题型要求考生在一篇留有5个空白、约300词的短文中，根据文章结构、内容，从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，并填入相应的空白处，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。这种题型突出考查考生对文章结构、内容以及上下文逻辑关系的理解和掌握能力，属于对语言使用范畴及语言组织规律的考查，即对文章篇章结构的考查。试题的选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三个方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句过于宽泛、以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节，等等。

近三年全国卷高考七选五阅读命题分析如下：

值得注意的是，2019～2021年高考英语全国卷七选五阅读题在语篇类型、主题语境、语篇长度等方面延续了以往的命题特征，但是其文本结构、考查方式和整体难度在悄然发生变化，有一定的创新度，体现了高考试题命题“稳中有变”的特点。总体而言，2019～2021年高考英语全国卷七选五阅读题有以下一些规律：

1. 文本类型依然以说明文为主，偶尔穿插记叙文。

2. 命题以主题语境“人与自我”“人与社会”为主要考查方向，所涉及的内容源于生活，又略高于生活。如2020年全国甲卷的七选五阅读，考查了表情符号这个话题，考生普遍反映试题有难度，无法理解文章含义。

3. 尽管语篇段落、文本结构和文章长度相对稳定，但是文本复杂程度在逐年递增，语篇的显性结构和内容也在减少。文本的逻辑结构从初期较为简单的“总—分”式或“总—分—总”式渐渐转变为隐性的、逻辑关系不太明显的递进式关系。

4. 把对句间关系（如转折、递进、解释说明）的考查与对语篇结构的考查相结合，要求考生增强语篇理解的能力。

5. 试题整体考查要求不变，但是错误选项对正确选项的干扰性增强，使得试题难度变大。

二、解题策略

（一）根据设空位置判断

考点1：设空在段首

1. 段落主题句

若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同，选项应短小精悍，多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使句。假如空白处出现在段首，正确选项要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句。

考生可以认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。另外，考生应着重阅读设空后的第一、二句，锁定线索及信号词，然后在选项中查找相关词汇。通常正确答案与设空处后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种衔接手段。

【典例链接】（2020·全国乙卷）   37    Do not follow the people who make you feel not good enough. Why do you follow them？ Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs？ Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world.

E. Set an intention for self acceptance.

F. Stop comparing yourself with others.

G. When does the comparison game start？

【点石成金】F 考查段落主题句。第37题设空在段首，类似这样的选项往往是对下面整个段落内容的概括和总结，反映整个段落的主旨大意。这种设题往往需要从下面的整段中搜索核心词汇，找出做题的线索。根据下文的“Do not follow the people who make you feel not good enough. Why do you follow them？”可知，本段主要讲述了不要把自己和别人做比较。根据下文的核心词汇follow和the only you可知，F选项“停止把自己和别人进行比较”能够概括本段大意。

2. 过渡句

当非首段的第一句设空时，设空处有可能是承上启下的过渡句，这就要求考生瞻前顾后找线索。考生既要熟悉上一段的内容，尤其是上一段结尾的内容，又要结合本段内容，使所选答案能够使两段内容无缝衔接。

【典例链接】（2020·全国丙卷）...Even if there isn't a registry， a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with， like a piece of art or a plant.

38    This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn't a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will， however， probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes， because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home， people may be asked to help unpack boxes.

A. This isn't usual though.

B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.

C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.

D. If you're lucky enough to receive gifts， keep them in a safe place.

【点石成金】C 本题考查段落之间的过渡与衔接。前面段落所讲的内容为带礼物，礼物可以是艺术品或绿植。本空承接上文，也应与礼物相关，再根据设空处后面的句子“This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn't a lot of food served.”可知，所带的礼物应与食物相关，故选C。

考点2：设空在段中

如果设空处在段中，这通常是从语境和逻辑关系两方面来考查句际关系。考生要注意所选选项要在语境方面能够与原文无缝衔接。要学会分析一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。段落之间的发展靠句与句之间意义的结合，以及句与句之间的关联词、逻辑性插入语来连接。做题时要特别注意体现时间、原因、方式、转折等逻辑关系的语篇标志词——关联词。

【典例链接】（2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷）My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.

36    So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.

D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.

E. That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.

F. Our aim was to see if we could live， in some way， like real Parisians.

G. The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.

【点石成金】F 考查因果关系。前一句提到，“我”和丈夫在巴黎待了一周，下文“So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth floor apartment the size of a cupboard.（所以“我们”做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵的公寓，在第六层，只有一个橱柜那么大）”是设空处的结果，因此设空处需要填原因，故选F选项“我们的目的是看看我们是否可以在某种程度上像真正的巴黎人那样生活”。

考点3：设空在段尾

1. 细节句

位置在段尾的细节句，常常是对前文内容的补充说明，或者与空前内容是并列、递进、转折或因果关系。

【典例链接】（2019·全国丙卷）Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses， financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension， simply explain the situation to the professor.    39

A. That's what they are for.

B. Turn to an online instructor for help.

C. If more information is needed， they will ask.

D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.

【点石成金】C 考查段尾细节句。根据设空处前面的内容可知，不要过度分享个人信息，当学生们需要延期上交作业时，只须向教授简单地解释一下情况。C项中的more information与上文中的information为原词复现，符合语境。

2. 过渡句

当设空在非尾段段末时，该空白处也有可能是承上启下的过渡句。假如所缺的是段落间的过渡句，考生首先可以关注表示逻辑关系的衔接词，再结合词汇复现等原则进行答案的选择。

【典例链接】（2017·全国乙卷）If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping， I would have laughed heartily. Campers， in my eyes， were people who enjoyed insect bites， ill cooked meals， and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me.    36