2023年高考热门主题语境10：自然与灾害

一、素材积累

Ⅰ. 核心单词

1. butterfly n. 蝴蝶

2. giraffe n. 长颈鹿

3. kangaroo n. 袋鼠

4. evolution n. 进化;演变

5. ecology n. 生态;生态学

6. dolphin n. 海豚

7. gentle adj. 温和的

8. fierce adj. 凶残的;凶猛的

9. cold⁃blooded adj. 冷血的

10. tsunami n. 海啸

11. typhoon n. 台风

12. hurricane n. 飓风

13. thunderstorm n. 雷雨;雷暴

14. sandstorm n. 沙暴;沙尘暴

15. endanger v. 使遭遇危险;危及

endangered adj. 濒危的

danger n. 危险

dangerous adj. 危险的

16. extinct adj. 灭绝的;绝种的

extinction n. 灭绝;绝种

17. habitat n. 栖息地;（动植物的）生活环境

18. coral n. 珊瑚

19. drought n. 旱灾;久旱

dry v. （使）变干

adj. 干的;干燥的

20. shelter n. 避难处;居所;庇护

v. 保护;掩蔽;躲避

21. survive v. 生存;存活;幸存

survivor n.幸存者;生还者

survival n.幸存;生存

22. destroy v. 摧毁;毁灭

destruction n. 破坏;毁灭

destructive adj. 破坏性的;毁灭性的

23. volcano n. 火山

volcanic adj. 火山的

24. spoil v. 破坏;溺爱

25. erupt v. 爆发

eruption n. 爆发

Ⅱ. 高频短语

1. nature reserve 自然保护区

2. stricken area 受灾地区

3. rescue work 救援工作

4. the trapped people 被困人员

5. in the natural state 在自然状态下

6. be in danger of extinction/become extinct/die out 有灭绝的危险/灭绝

7. be trapped in 被困在……中

8. be flooded with 被……所淹没;充满

9. be home to 是……的所在地

10. cut down 砍倒

11. cut off 切断

12. return to normal 恢复正常

13. go against 违背

14. cause great damage/losses 造成巨大的损失

15. suffer from 遭受

16. keep the balance of 保持……的平衡

17. recover from 从……中恢复过来

18. take action/measures 采取行动/措施

19. hold out/give a helping hand to sb 对某人伸出援助之手

20. live in harmony with 与……和谐相处

Ⅲ. 靓句积累

1. “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句

The villagers will remember the rescue workers and volunteers with whom they went through the disaster. 村民会记得与他们一起经历灾难的救援人员和志愿者。

2. on+V⁃ing形式

On hearing the news that the terrible floods hit that village， the government immediately appointed the army to make their way to the disaster area. 一听到可怕的洪水袭击了那个村庄，政府迅速指派军队赶往灾区。

3. There is a possibility that+同位语从句

There is a possibility that experienced experts will be able to forecast some terrifying natural disasters accurately in the future.有经验的专家有可能在未来准确地预测一些可怕的自然灾害。

4. unless引导条件状语从句

We'll have nowhere to live in the future unless we take action to protect the earth now. 除非我们现在就采取行动保护地球，否则未来我们将无处居住。

5. “only+状语从句”引起倒装

Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 只有当我们学会与自然和谐相处时，我们才能不再对野生动物和我们的星球构成威胁。

二、续写金句

1. Suddenly， we heard a strange whistling noise. It was coming from somewhere ahead of us. Then a gabbling sound filled the air. 突然，我们听到一种奇怪的口哨声。它是从我们前面的某个地方传来的。然后空气中游荡着叽叽喳喳的声音。

2. Great trees met high over our heads， almost shutting out the sun. Plants writhed and twisted upwards， trying to catch sunrays. 大树在我们头顶枝叶相连，几乎遮住了太阳。植物向上相互缠绕，试图得到阳光。

3. I pushed on through that dreadful forest， with rustlings， howls and all sorts of strange cries around me. 我继续往前走，穿过那片可怕的森林，四周响起沙沙声、号叫声和各种奇怪的叫声。

4. It was the cool gray dawn， and there was a sense of peace deep in the woods. Not a leaf stirred; not a sound disturbed great nature's meditation. Dewdrops stood upon the leaves and grass. A white layer of ashes covered the fire，and a thin blue breath of smoke rose straight into the air. 凉爽的、灰蒙蒙的黎明时分，树林深处一片宁静。一片叶子也没有动，没有任何声音打扰大自然的沉思。露珠还挂在树叶和草上。火上覆盖着一层白色的灰烬，一缕蓝色的轻烟直直地飘向空中。

5. It was early in the spring morning.The sun was just rising out of the eastern horizon and emitting red hues through the clouds and across the sky. Soon the campus was bathed in the first rays of the sun. The ground was covered with tender grass and the dewdrops stood on their tips and reflec⁃ted the sunshine. 那是一个春天的清晨。太阳刚从东方的地平线上升起，透过云层和天空散发出红光。不久，校园就沐浴在第一缕阳光中。地上长满了嫩草，露珠立在草尖上，反射着阳光。

三、主题测评

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

体裁：说明文 篇幅：296词

建议用时：7分钟 来源：改编

新颖度：★★★★

素养视角：自然灾难

It was June 8， 1816 and it was early summer in Vermont， US. Yet， a wild snowstorm was going on. Nearly a foot of snow covered the fields which had been planted crops only weeks before. This storm would kill all of the crops. At the time， people struggled to understand what had caused the weather to change so wildly. It is only now， more than 200 years later， that scientists have finally solved the mystery. The cause of the extreme weather was an event that took place a year earlier and 10，000 miles away. It all started with a volcano called Mount Tambora.

Mount Tambora sits on the island of Sumbawa， a beautiful land with rushing streams， gentle hills， and thick jungles in Indonesia. Nobody had any reason to think the peaceful mountain was in fact a volcano. It had been asleep for centuries， but on April 5， 1815， Mount Tambora woke up.

The first eruption shook the island and sent up streams of fire and ash. But that was nothing compared with what would come five days later， on April 10. The volcano exploded with a huge cloud of gas， fire and ash shot high into the sky. The day turned midnight black， but the mountain turned red as rivers of lava （岩浆） flowed down the mountain.