观点对立型文章的读写指南

作者: 王蓉

观点对立型文章通常将正面论据与反面论据结合起来,并通过鲜明的对比,引导人们对某个话题进行辩证思考。观点对立型文章通常先阐明主题,然后阐述对立的两种观点,再表明自己的立场、态度及理由,从而形成“主题—一方的观点及理由—另一方的观点及理由—自己的看法”的文本结构。阅读观点对立型文章,能培养思维的逻辑性、批判性和创造性。

1. 巧用彩色笔细品文章。借助彩色笔对文章中的不同部分做标注。例如,用红色笔标注观点,用蓝色笔标注理由,用绿色笔标注结论,用黄色笔标注好词好句。写作时,根据彩色笔标注的情况进行仿写。

2. 利用“TCCA原则”搭建文本框架和读写支架。引出话题的Topic,提出正、反面观点的Claim、Counter⁃claim,作者的观点(Authors opinion),简称 “TCCA” 。“TCCA原则”是观点对立型文章常采用的一种写作视角,但有些文章并未完全包括TCCA的四种要素。在阅读观点对立型文章时,利用“TCCA原则”有助于我们快速地理解文章。在写观点对立型文章时,我们应恰当利用“TCCA原则”,同时考虑如何拓展段落,并运用正确的时态和人称。

Is online learning as good as face⁃to⁃face learning?

网络学习和面授学习一样好吗?

Nearly everyone has some experiences of learning in a face⁃to⁃face classroom environment. Because of that, were often more comfortable learning in environments that look like classrooms. However, online learning has become more and more popular in recent years. Is online learning as good as face⁃to⁃face learning?

Learning online has a lot of advantages. As the learners are attending the class in their own environment, they can control it better. They can adjust lighting, heat and noise levels to ones they are comfortable with. The more comfortable they are, the better they can learn. They also avoid the issue of potentially disruptive classmates.

The work done in class can be much more focused online, too. When group work is held through text or video chats, its easier to concentrate on the topic at hand. It has been suggested that online, a group will put much more effort into the task at hand. Feedback given online can be in⁃depth and consistent.

However, therere some things that online learning just cant offer. The learner has to be fairly dedicated, as while he is learning online it can be much easier to disengage from the task at hand. Its also harder to check if theyre paying attention to the instructor.

The same goes for group work. Face to face, every participant needs to contribute, as its much more obvious if they dont. Being physically in the same room together creates a much stronger bond between team members, too.

Ultimately, learning is a social activity. While the Internet has made communication easier, its not always as effective as face⁃to⁃face meetings. Learners can get to know each other better in a physical space, while online theres always a sense of being disconnec⁃

ted from their peers.

Looking at these points, its easy to see a case for both online and face⁃to⁃face learning. Both are effective in different ways. Online learning is fantastic for those who otherwise cant access education at all due to location or illness. Face⁃to⁃face learning is better for bonding, and allowing learners to learn from each other as well as their instructors.

Overall, online learning is as good as face⁃to⁃face learning, but it works best in certain situations. In the vast majority of cases, face⁃to⁃face learning is the way to go.

Ⅰ. 阅读自测

Detail 1. Which of the following statements is the advantage of online learning?

A. Learners can have a strong bond during group work.

B. Learners tend to be more engaged in the tasks at hand.

C. Learners can focus more on the topic during group work.

D. Learners can have a sense of connection between each other.

Vocabulary 2. What does the underlined word “disruptive” in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A. Hard⁃working.

B. Disturbing.

C. Well⁃behaved.

D. Bad⁃tempered.

Inference 3. Whats the authors opinion about face⁃to⁃face learning and online learning?

A. Face⁃to⁃face learning is the right way to go.

B. Online learning works better in the vast majority of cases.

C. Online learning is less effective than face⁃to⁃face learning.

D. Face⁃to⁃face learning and online learning both have their place.

Inference 4. What is the authors tone in this text?

A. Objective.    B. Skeptical.

C. Unclear.    D. Admiring.

Ⅱ.语言汲取

(一)观点类的核心表达

1. 利弊表达

Learning online has a lot of advantages. 网络学习有很多优势。

The more comfortable they are, the better they can learn. 他们越是舒适自在,他们就能学得越好。

When group work is held through text or video chats, its easier to concentrate on the topic at hand.当小组活动是通过文字或视频聊天(的方式)进行时,人们更能专注于手边的话题。

However, therere some things that online learning just cant offer. 然而,有些东西是网络学习无法提供的。

The same goes for group work. 这个情况也同样适用于小组工作。

Looking at these points, its easy to see a case for both online and face⁃to⁃face learning. 看了这些观点后,显而易见,网络学习和面授学习各有其理由。

2. 网络学习与面对面学习

online learning 网络学习

face⁃to⁃face learning 面授学习

attend the class in ones own environment 在自己的环境中上课

adjust lighting, heat and noise levels 调整光线、温度和噪声水平

text or video chats 文字或者视频聊天

concentrate on the topic at hand 专注于手边的话题

put much more effort into the task at hand 投入更多的精力在手头的任务上

feedback given online 网上给予的反馈

disengage from the task 从任务中脱离

pay attention to the instructor 关注老师

make communication easier 使沟通更便捷

create a much stronger bond between team members 在团队成员间建立更紧密的联系

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