Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy and China’s Global Governance Practice

The world today is undergoing major changes unseen in a century. These changes， not limited to a particular moment， event， country or region， represent the profound and sweeping changes of our times. From June 22 to 23， 2018， the Central Conference on Work Relating to Foreign Affairs was held and established the guiding position of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy. It has ten core principles， one of which emphasizes reforming the global governance system according to the principles of fairness and justice.

PROBLEM-ORIENTED GLOBAL GOVERNANCE TO PROVIDE PUBLIC GOODS IN RESPONSE TO MULTIPLE DEFICITS

Global problems call for global governance at the very beginning. The key to governance is to build consensus at global level and to provide public goods in a multilateralistic way in order to solve global problems. Global governance wants public goods. History tells us that if major countries fail to provide sufficient public goods， the international community would go out of order and fall into either economic crisis or war. This is the Kindleberger Trap as Professor Joseph Nye， a political scientist at Harvard University called it. The four years of Trump adminstration had a disastrous effect on global governance， with U.S. Government bringing major international institutions to the brink of legal or political crisis.

China has proposed a raft of new mechanisms and initiatives in recent years. They are not to reinvent the wheel， still less to pinpoint anyone， but rather， useful supplements and improvements to the existing international mechanisms， aiming at win-win cooperation and common development. In his speech at the closing ceremony of the China-France Global Governance Forum on March 26， 2019， Chinese President Xi Jinping with the vision for the development of human society proposed to address the governance deficit by upholding justice and fairness， to reduce the trust deficit by engaging in consultation and dialogue， to reduce the peace deficit by pulling together in times of trouble， and to reduce the development deficit by persisting in win-win cooperation.

To address the governance deficit it is necessary to uphold justice and fairness and embrace a global governance vision featuring consultation， joint construction and shared benefit， to go by the spirit that global affairs should be handled by countries across the globe through consultation， to acdemocratize the rule making of global governance. It is necessary to continue to hold high the banner of multilateralism represented by the UN， give full play to global and regional multilateral mechanisms， and work together to build a community with a shared future for mankind. On October 12， 2015， the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held its 27th study session on global governance pattern and system， whose highlight it is to put forward for the first time the global governance concept of consultation， joint construction and shared benefit.

To reduce the trust deficit， it is necessary to engage in consultation and dialogue， put mutual respect and trust first and foremost， make good use of communication， seek common ground while shelving and narrowing differences， and enhance strategic mutual trust and reduce mutual suspicion. It is necessary to adhere to the correct concept of justice and interests， put righteousness first and uphold justice while pursuing shared interests. It is necessary to strengthen exchanges and dialogues among different civilizations to deepen mutual understanding and recognition. China held the CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meeting in Beijing on December 1， 2017， the Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations in Beijing on May 15， 2019， and the CPC and World Political Parties Summit via video link on July 6， 2021 respectively. These multilateral events fully demonstrate China's sincere willingness to enhance mutual trust through dialogue.

To reduce the peace deficit， it is necessary to pull together in times of trouble and uphold the new concept of common， comprehensive， cooperative and sustainable security， discarding the Cold War mentality and zero-sum mindset， and rejecting the Law of the Jungle. It is necessary to resolve disputes through peaceful means， and oppose beggar-thy-neighbor practices. All countries need to take the path of peaceful development together. On April 21， 2022， President Xi Jinping proposed the Global Security Initiative for the first time in his keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2022， during which he stressed that security is the precondition for development and that we humanity are living in an indivisible security community. He further called on the international community to jointly uphold world peace and stability by making commitments on six fronts.

To reduce the development deficit， it is necessary to pursue mutual benefit， unleash the power of innovation， and seek coordinated， interconnected， fair and inclusive approach for development. It is necessry to build a dynamic growth model， an open and win-win cooperation model， and a balanced development model that benefits all， so that people around the world can share in the fruits of economic globalization. On September 21， 2021， President Xi Jinping put forward the Global Development Initiative for the first time while attending the 76th UN General Assembly via video link in Beijing. According to the Initiative， it is necessary to stay committed to development as a priority， a people-centered approach， inclusiveness， innovation-driven development， harmony between man and nature， and results-oriented actions.