基于命题角度的七选五阅读突破策略

英语七选五阅读材料逻辑紧密，还设置有干扰项，一直以来是很多考生的心头刺。该题型的阅读材料在300词左右，材料中有5处空白，要求考生从7个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。该题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和前后文联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，并具备运用语法知识分析和理解长难句的能力。

下面，笔者就从命题角度出发为考生剖析这一题型的基本规律，探究有助于考生战胜七选五阅读的独特技巧和方法。

领悟命题思路，洞悉命题动向

（一）七选五阅读体裁、主题、设空位置分析

纵观过去五年的全国卷可知，七选五阅读考查的体裁主要为说明文和记叙文，以说明文为主。

（二）七选五阅读考查维度

七选五阅读的考查维度主要有以下三个。

1.篇章结构：篇章主题句、段落主题句、段落衔接句。

2.段间及句际逻辑与衔接：并列、递进、转折、对比、解释例证、因果、时间顺序等。

3.词汇线索：指代、复现等。

解题策略探究

接下来，笔者将围绕出题角度，带领大家探究如何解答七选五这一阅读题型。

（一）从篇章结构出发，解决段首题和“小标题”题

为了准确、深刻地理解文章，我们必须要把握住文章的基本结构，理清上下文的衔接关系，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。

2016—2021年这六年间的高考英语试卷中的七选五阅读的语篇结构有以下四种类型：

七选五阅读材料通常是“总—分（—总）”结构，偶尔是“总—分—分”结构，把握好“总—分（—总）”的整体结构和段际关系，对于标题类和主题句类设空的解答大有帮助。

【例1】“小标题”题（2020·新高考Ⅱ卷）

Talking with your doctor

Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better...Here are some tips for talking with your doctor.

Stay positive.

Keep track of how you are feeling.

Your medical history is a list of your illnesses， treatments， what the doctors told you to do， and anything else you think your doctor should know. Also， if you are allergic （过敏） to any medicines， be sure to mention that to your doctor.

Ask questions.

A. This will make getting answers easier.

B. Here are some tips for talking with your doctor.

C. You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don’t work.

D. Before your doctor’s visit， keep notes on how you are feeling.

E. Remember， your doctor and other caregivers are on your side.

F. Bring your medical history， including a list of your current medicines.

G. Writing down what the doctor says will help you remember important information.

解析：该语篇是典型的“总—分”结构。从位置上看，空格处为段落主题句，与其他三段并列，其他三个段落的主题句均是祈使句，因此此空也应是祈使句。据此，我们可以快速地从七个选项中为此空选出E和F两个备选项。同时，段落内容必须服务于段落主题，由“medical history”“medicines”可知应选F项。

【例2】段首题（2018·全国Ⅰ卷）

Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in...

Over the years， there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point... But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home： the small ones， the medium ones， and the large ones.

             . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows， mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa， small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable .

Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas， dinner tables or bookshelves...

The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls， ceilings， and floors...

A. While all of them are useful

B. Whatever you’re looking for

C. If you're experimenting with a color

D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with

E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces

F. So it pays to be sure， because you want to get it right the first time

G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways

解析：该语篇为“总—分”结构。第一段引出话题，说明颜色在家装中的重要性，第二段提出如何搭配颜色，其中第二段最后一句“关于家里的颜色，你真正需要做决定的只有三种：小的、中的和大的。”起着承上启下的作用，再结合第四段和第五段的首句句式结构以及关键词“Medium color choices”“The large color decisions”，可以推断空格处应为D项。

小贴士：七选五阅读这一题型要求考生具备解构语篇的能力，能运用语篇分析手段，从语境、信息、结构等层面分析文本，理清文本内在的错综复杂的关系。该题型常考的语篇模式主要有两种，即概括具体模式和问题解决模式。概括具体模式类文章主要分三部分，首先概括陈述文章主题，然后运用具体事例展开分析，最后进行总结评价。问题解决模式类文章一般分为四部分，即交代情境、提出问题、解决问题、评价及结果。

（二）关注句际逻辑关系，解答段中题和段尾题

句子和句子之间的逻辑关系常见的有指代关系、转折关系、因果关系、解释关系、并列关系、递进关系等，这些关系一般含有明显的关联词提示。在解题过程中，我们要善于发现文段中的逻辑关系，明晰表示句际逻辑关系的关联词，帮助自己定位和匹配选项。

常见的体现逻辑关系的词有以下几类。

1.表示指代关系的代词：it、they、he、she、one、some等。

2.表示转折关系的关联词：however、but、although、though、while、instead、nevertheless、still、yet、in spite of、on the contrary、in contrast、by contrast、in comparison、by comparison、otherwise等。

3.表示因果关系的关联词：so、therefore、hence、conseq- uently、then、thus、for that reason、as a result等。

4.表示解释关系的关联词：in other words、in fact、as a matter of fact、for example、for instance、actually、that is to say等。

5.表示并列或递进关系的关联词：also、besides、in addition to、apart from、what is more、in addition、and、besides、also、furthermore、too等。

6.表示比较关系的关联词：similarly、like、likewise（同样地）、in the same way/manner、equally等。

【例1】（2019·全国Ⅰ卷）

Recently， people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）.             In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green， growing things can reduce stress， lower blood pressure， and put people into a better mood（情绪）. Greenery is good for us.

A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.

B. So what are you waiting for？

C. Being in nature refreshes us.

D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.

E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said？