Malcesine on Lake Garda《加尔达湖畔的马尔切西内镇》

作者: 爱艺/译

In 1913 Gustav Klimt broke with his annual three-month visit to Attersee spa in the Austrian Alps, and went to the Italian Lake Garda instead, possibly under the increasing influence of Egon Schiele1, who preferred to travel abroad.

古斯塔夫·克里姆特每年都会到奥地利阿尔卑斯山区的阿特湖度过三个月的温泉假期。1913年,他打破惯例,转而去了意大利的加尔达湖。这很可能是因为埃贡·席勒——席勒喜欢出国旅行,克里姆特受其影响愈来愈深。

Whether as a result of the change of light or scenery, Malcesine on Lake Garda amply demonstrates its superb effect on him. As in Austria, Klimt paints the scene from a boat out on the water, yet the dramatic distinction of this landscape is the transformed hand-ling of subject-matter, panorama, lighting, and form. It is a wonderful light, expansive work unlike the usual claustrophobic style of his typically intense Austrian scenes. The atmosphere is of life and frivolity rather than the somber, emotionally charged visions of home.

无论是光线的变化还是景物的变化,《加尔达湖畔的马尔切西内镇》都充分展示了克里姆特高超的画技。像在奥地利一样,克里姆特是坐在湖面的小船上作画的,不过这幅风景画有其鲜明的特征,即在处理主题、全景、光线和形式时有所变化。这是一幅亮丽、明快的画作,与他描绘的奥地利景色不同,那些通常密集的景色往往给人封闭之感。画面整体氛围反映的是生活的惬意轻松,而非思乡的浓浓忧郁。

Some critics point to Cubism2 as the agent of change. Klimt came into contact with the movement during recent trips to Paris where works of Pablo Picasso3 and Georges Braque4 were on display. Schiele’s own landscapes during this period certainly explore a more Cubist approach and both artists probably discussed the dynamic implications of this new formal esthetic. But in Klimt’s case, comparison with Cubism is stretching a point5. Here its influence was only experimental and conducted in a casual, limited fashion.

一些评论家认为催发改变的是立体主义。克里姆特在那段时间的数次巴黎行中接触到了这一运动,当时巴黎正在展出巴勃罗·毕加索和乔治·布拉克的作品。这一时期席勒自己的风景画无疑也在探索一种更接近立体派的画法,席勒和克里姆特这两位画家很可能讨论过这种新的形式美学的创新影响。但是,就克里姆特而言,拿其作品与立体派画作相比还是有些牵强。在克里姆特的这幅作品中,立体主义的影响只是试验性的,随意且有限。

Sadly, this singular work was also destroyed in the Schloss Immendorf fire6.

可惜,这幅独一无二的画作也在伊门多夫城堡的那场大火中被毁。

1埃贡·席勒(1890—1918),奥地利画家,师承古斯塔夫·克里姆特,是维也纳分离派的重要代表,也是20世纪初重要的表现主义画家。

2 立体主义或立体派,西方现代艺术史上的一个运动和流派,1908年始于法国,由当时居住在法国巴黎蒙马特区的乔治·布拉克与巴勃罗·毕加索建立。这一流派主要追求几何形体的美,即形式的排列组合所产生的美感,往往把三维空间的画面归结为两维空间的平面画面。  3巴勃罗·毕加索(1881—1973),西班牙画家、雕塑家,现代艺术的创始人,西方现代派绘画的主要代表,20世纪最伟大的艺术天才之一。  4乔治·布拉克(1882—1963),法国立体主义画家、雕塑家,最早将字母糅合进绘画,将颜料与沙子混合作画和使用拼贴画法。“立体主义”这一名称源自他的作品。  5 stretch a point过分解读或夸大某观点。  6二战末期,1945年5月,德国纳粹在撤离奥地利的伊门多夫城堡时引爆炸弹,引发的大火烧毁了城堡,城堡中收藏的十几幅克里姆特作品一起被毁。

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