Regenerative Medicine
A. When somebody gets sick or is hurt in an accident， there are several different ways that doctors can try to help them. One of these is to give medicine that fights the sickness or helps the sick person’s body to fight it. However， if some parts of a body are very sick or damaged， then doctors might need to remove them. Another way doctors can help is to grow new tissue to replace what is sick or damaged. This is called regenerative medicine.
B. Regenerative medicine sounds like something from a science fiction movie but it is not a new idea. Inside our bones， we have something called ‘marrow’， which makes our blood and keeps us healthy. Doctors have been giving sick people the ‘bone marrow’ from other healthy people for the last 30 or 40 years， and this is a kind of regenerative medicine.
C. Newer developments in regenerative medicine include growing new skin in a laboratory and using it to help people who have been hurt in fires or accidents. Another example of regenerative medicine is a technique developed from studying frogs and mice. When cells are old， like in adults， they can’t change what they do in our bodies. For example， a skin cell can’t change into an eye cell. But when cells are very young， they can become any cell type. These young cells are called stem cells， and doctors can use them to grow any type of tissue， such as skin， heart or eye. John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka won the 2012 Nobel prize for their studies in this area.
D. Professor Fiona Watt， from the Centre for Regenerative Medicine at King’s College London， believes that regenerative medicine is so exciting because many different kinds of experts need to work together. New bones may be printed by expert 3D printers， who need to work closely with university scientists and the surgeons who do the operations in hospitals.
E. We cannot yet grow new arms or legs for people， but the science fiction dream of regenerative medicine may be closer than we think. Perhaps in the future， doctors will be able to grow whole new bodies for us.
Activity 1
Before you read， choose the correct word to complete each sentence.
1. A ____ is a kind of doctor who does operations.
a. pharmacist b. surgeon c. nurse
2. If some people work together and help each other all the time， they work ____.
a. closely b. nearly c. timely
3. A ____ is when a new thing happens or something changes or improves.
a. decline b. reduction c. development
4. People’s bodies are made of different kinds of ____， e.g. skin or bone.
a. cloth b. atoms c. tissue
5. An ____ at something is a person who is very good at that thing.
a. expert b. clumsy c. beginner
6. A ______ is the smallest part of a person’s body and it is too small to see.
a. atom b. cell c. finger
Activity 2
Match these summaries to the paragraphs A–E.
1. Some examples of recent developments in regenerative medicine
2. A regenerative future
3. Working together
4. Not a new idea
5. Different ways to help sick people
Activity 3
In English， phrasal verbs are often used instead of other verbs. They can be difficult to learn but can make text sound more natural. Choose the best phrasal verbs to fit with these phrases from the article.
carry out
cut them out
figure out
look after
look forward to
1. … we can ____ a science fiction dream of regenerative medicine …
2. … and the surgeons who ____ the operations in hospitals.
3. … there are several different ways that doctors can ____ them.
4. … their work in trying to ____ how to use this effect to grow new tissue for people.
5. … parts of a body are very sick or damaged， then doctors might need to ____.
Acvity 4
If doctors could simply grow a new body for people whose bodies were badly damaged， do you think people would take more risks and do more dangerous things？ What effect could that have on your country？
Answers
Activity 1
1. b; 2. a; 3. c; 4. c; 5. a; 6. b
Activity 2
1. C; 2. E; 3. D; 4. B; 5. A.
Activity 3
1. e; 2. a; 3. d; 4. c; 5. b