基于主题意义的小学英语阅读教学实践与思考

作者: 孙晔

【摘 要】在小学英语教学中,学生对主题意义的理解有利于扩大词汇储备、积累阅读素材,提高自身的语言表达能力。文章结合阅读教学课例,阐述如何围绕语篇的主题意义设计学习理解、应用实践和迁移创新等一系列的语言活动,通过多维度和有深度的问题引导学生理解主题意义。

【关键词】主题意义 阅读教学 核心素养

《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》将主题意义列为英语课程内容的六大要素之一。主题意义内容丰富,包括人与自己的关系,人与社会、自然的关系,社会科学与自然科学的关系等内容。学生对主题意义的理解有利于扩大词汇储备、积累大量阅读素材,提高自身的语言表达能力。学生在表层的文本阅读基础上,对主题的信息进行辩证的思考,从而能对主题有多角度和更深刻的理解。教师在英语教学中提高学生的核心素养,应该引导学生准确把握阅读材料的主题意义。本文以译林版英语五年级上册Unit 3 Our animal friends第一课时教学设计为例,具体阐述实施方法。

一、基于主题意义探究的小学英语阅读课案例与分析

以译林版英语五年级上册Unit 3 Our animal friends Story time板块的教学为例,主要内容是四个小朋友分别介绍自己的动物朋友,让学生通过初步感知课文内容,继而熟练掌握have/has的用法。在教学过程中,教师始终以“动物朋友”为主线,根据五年级学生的生理、心理特点,利用谈话、猜谜、贴图等活动积极创设各种生动、活泼并密切联系生活实际的情境来引导学生理解和运用所学的知识,帮助学生学习本课的日常用语和单词,进一步提高学生听、说、读、写等综合语言运用能力。

Step 1  Warm up and lead in

学生对animal friends 这个话题很感兴趣,绝大多数学生都有自己喜欢的动物,也愿意了解动物。教师在上课开始的热身环节就和学生直奔主题聊一聊他们的动物朋友,为新课的学习做好铺垫。

T: Hello, boys and girls. Today we’ll talk something about animal friends. Do you have an animal friend?

S1: Yes, I do.

T: What’s your animal friend?

S1: It’s a dog.

T: Wow! What does it look like?

S1: It’s big. It’s black. It is very cool.

T: Great. And why you choose this dog to be your friend?

S1: Because it is very cool. And I am a cool boy too. And also, it likes staying and playing with me a lot. So we are friends.

T: What about you? Do you have an animal friend?

S2: No.

T: Why?

S2: Because my mother doesn’t allow me to keep any animals. She says that animals would make our home messy and dirty.

T: Oh, I see. When we keep an animal, we should help it develop a good habit. Then, if you have a chance to have an animal friend, what will you choose?

S2: I want to have a parrot.

T: Why?

S2: Parrots are very beautiful. Some of them can talk with people. It’s great fun.

T: I hope you can have a nice parrot someday.

Step 2 Presentation

1.Watch and match

watch and match是容易完成的一项任务,但在做之前笔者设置了让学生猜一猜的环节,就让这个连线任务变得丰富了起来,学生在猜测的分析过程中不仅要思考动物的特性,也要考虑到人物的性格,体现了人与自然和谐共处的主题。

T: Here comes our friends Nancy, Liu Tao , Mike and Su Hai. They will talk about their animal friends. Look at these animals. Do you know them?

Ss: A dog, a parrot, two fish and a rabbit.

T: Yes. Please guess what’s Nancy’s animal friend.

S3: I think she has a rabbit.

T: Why do you think so?

S3: Rabbits are very lovely. I think girls all like rabbits.

T: Maybe. And what about Mike?

S4: I think Mike’s animal friend is the dog.

T: Why?

S4:Mike can play basketball. Maybe the dog can play ball games with him.

T: Great. Now let’s watch the cartoon and do the match.

T: Now, let’s check the answer. Please use “has…” to tell us.

S5: Nancy has two fish.

S6: Mike has a dog.

S7: Liu Tao has a rabbit.

S8: Su Hai has a parrot.

师引导学生使用本课重点句型:“…have/ has…”

2.Skim and find

本课四个主人公都是从以上三个方面来介绍自己的动物朋友的,教师让学生自己浏览文章并归纳总结出颜色、外貌、本领三个方面,为后面做思维导图做好了铺垫。这也是在教给学生阅读的方法,以后再读类似的文本是可以用这样的方法来获取和梳理关键信息的。

T: Now we know what are their animal friends. This time please skim the passage (from page 26 to 27) and find what do the children say about their animal friends.

S9: What colour are they?

T: Yes. About their colour. (PPT出示“colour”标签)

S10: What do they have?

T: Yes. About their appearance.(PPT出示“appearance”标签)

S11: What can they do?

T: Yes. About their ability. (PPT出示“ability”标签)

3.Read and underline

这是一篇偏科普类的小说明文,对于学生来说其内容不难理解,教师要把重点放在阅读方法的指导上。获取关键信息对于这样的文章来说很重要,因此,教师可以利用思维导图来教会学生发现和整理信息。

T: Now, please read part 1 by yourself and underline the three pieces of information of Nancy’s animal friend.

Ss: …

学生用书上的词组或句子回答问题,教师在刚才提炼出的“colour”“appearance”“ability”三个标签旁板书关键词,绘制思维导图。

T: Can you introduce Nancy’s animal friend according to our mind-map?

Ss: Nancy has …

One is…and the other is…(教师引导)

They have…

They have no / They don’t have…

They have…

T: Now let’s read part 2,3 and 4 in four. Find the three pieces of information of them. Then stick the information card on the right places.

学生四人小组合作完成练习纸上的思维导图并交流。

教师用PPT逐次呈现Mike、Liu Tao和Su Hai的动物朋友的信息思维导图,引导学生用It is… It has… It can… 来介绍。

教师已经利用文章的第一段示范过如何绘制思维导图,剩下的三段和第一段的结构几乎是一样的,学生完全可以自己完成。用小组合作贴信息卡的方式不仅培养了学生们的团队合作精神,也提高了此项活动的趣味性和完成的效率。

Step 3 Practice

1.Let’s read

T: Let’s read the story after the computer.

教师指导学生单词的发音和课文的朗读。

2.Think and say

________and________,________Nancy’s fish have big

________and a short________Mike’s dog has big

________and a short_______Liu Tao’s rabbit has long

________,two legs and two________,a long________Su Hai’s parrot has a big

课文是四个主人公以自己的口吻叙述的,主语都是第一人称,这里改成用第三人称转述,需要学生注意动词的第三人称单数变形。

Step 4 Production

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