沙漠生存,巧度“鱼”生
作者: 王玲秀人们普遍认为沙漠是所有生命的禁区,然而,研究人员发现,在干燥的沙漠地带,竟然还生存着鱼类……
1 How life manages to continue in unpredictable and extreme environments is a major question in evolution. For aquatic (水生的) animals, extreme environments include those with little water, such as the deserts of Central Australia.
2 Researchers believe that the ability to adapt the environment can ensure the populations of desert fish survive in difficult conditions. They focused on populations of Desert Rainbowfish collected from across the Australian desert and found that populations from drier regions of the desert are more isolated (隔绝的) and smaller, but also show stronger capacity to adapt to tough and dry environments. This turns on its head traditional thinking that small populations are evolutionary dead ends. Life finds a way, even in the most extreme and unpredictable environments on the Earth.
3 Genetic diversity helps populations evolve in response to environmental changes, so maintaining a large gene pool is very important, but understanding how small populations of desert fish survive, especially when located in isolated pockets of water, has remained a mystery.
4 Generally speaking, a small gene pool can lead to inbreeding and poor health, which is sometimes seen in endangered species. However, researchers have found that desert fish in Australia can hold on to life through adapting to tough environments, breeding and spreading during rare flooding events.
5 The genes adapted to the drought can spread when the fish migrate along temporary streams and floodwaters. These fish and their adapted genetic makeup are then ready for the next drought. The most attractive difference is in a gene coding for the proteins that are used in fish for taste and smell. They can be used to find out water flow and control light sensitivity for vision. The different protein in fish from the western parts of drought areas may improve their environmental sensors.
6 Genes adapted to drought may allow species to keep existing as dry regions expand and have more extreme environmental changes under future climate change. The results of the recent study suggest that adaptations of genetic diversity can take place even in small populations, as long as natural connectivity during floods takes place. The findings that small populations can evolve in extreme environments have some influence on
studies of adaptation to climate change and conservation science.
Detail 1. What is the common belief about small populations?
A. They often exist in the deserted areas.
B. They are small in size and various in shape.
C. They don?蒺t adjust to the environment easily.
D. They are able to survive the extreme conditions.
Detail 2. What plays a key role in making a species survive?
A. A large gene pool.
B. The number of its population.