别出心裁，写好续写开篇
作者： 张岚
【问题导读】
好的开头是文章成功的一半，续写部分的开头是阅卷人最先入目的部分。获取阅卷人良好的第一印象非常重要，那么，在续写故事的时候，我们应当怎样写好开头，让文章更出彩呢？
【名师导学】
1. 历年高考读后续写给出的都是两个段落，且段首句均已给出，故我们所说的文章开篇指的是紧接各段首句的部分。
2. 续写部分的开篇受所给段首句、故事情节、原文语言风格的制约。开篇要与所给段首句保持连贯，要有利于促进故事主题的升华，并尽可能符合原文的叙事风格和逻辑。
3. 文章的开篇既要追求表达方式的精彩与独到，同时又要避免语法硬伤，否则会影响阅卷人对续写部分语言质量的评价。
【案例导引】
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事，续写词数应为150左右。
Pumpkin （南瓜） carving at Halloween is a family tradition. We visit a local farm every October. In the pumpkin field， I compete with my three brothers and sister to seek out the biggest pumpkin. My dad has a rule that we have to carry our pumpkins back home， and as the eldest child I have an advantage—I carried an 85⁃pounder back last year.
This year， it was hard to tell whether my prize or the one chosen by my 14⁃year⁃old brother， Jason， was the winner. Unfortunately， we forgot to weigh them before taking out their insides， but I was determined to prove my point. All of us were hard at work at the kitchen table， with my mom filming the annual event. I'm unsure now why I thought forcing my head inside the pumpkin would settle the matter， but it seemed to make perfect sense at the time.
With the pumpkin resting on the table， hole uppermost， I bent over and pressed my head against the opening. At first I got jammed just above my eyes and then， as I went on with my task， unwilling to quit， my nose briefly prevented entry. Finally I managed to put my whole head into it， like a cork （软木塞） forced into a bottle. I was able to straighten up with the huge pumpkin resting on my shoulders.
My excitement was short⁃lived. The pumpkin was heavy. “I'm going to set it down， now，” I said， and with Jason helping to support its weight， I bent back over the table to give it somewhere to rest. It was only when I tried to remove my head that I realized getting out was going to be less straightforward than getting in. When I pulled hard， my nose got in the way. I got into a panic as I pressed firmly against the table and moved my head around trying to find the right angle， but it was no use. “I can't get it out！” I shouted， my voice sounding unnaturally loud in the enclosed space.
Paragraph 1：
I was stuck for five or six minutes though it felt much longer. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph2：
The video was posted the day before Halloween.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
一、故事梳理
浙江省2021年1月的英语高考卷中的读后续写叙述的是万圣节时作者与兄弟姐妹们比拼谁能摘得最大的南瓜的故事。为了证明自己的南瓜是最大的，作者把头伸进了南瓜里，不料被南瓜卡住，在家人的帮助下，作者最终把头从南瓜里移了出来。
二、常用招式
妙招1：使用形容词或副词开头
英语中的形容词或副词分类多样，有的可以表达开心和快乐，有的可以表达失望与沮丧，有的可以表达紧张与害怕，有的则可以表达放松与勇敢。巧妙地使用这些形容词或副词，既可以让人物的描写更加生动形象，也可以让情节的渲染更加扣人心弦，从而增强故事的张力。
续写第一段的段首句是“I was stuck for five or six minutes though it felt much longer.”。通过该句，我们可以推断出“我”的头被卡住后的心情一定是紧张且害怕的。因此，我们可以用“Frightened， nervous， and at a loss what to do， I immediately began to shout for help.”开头来续写下去。这里使用了表示情绪的形容词frightened和nervous，并使用了副词immediately，生动形象地描述了“我”当时的心情。
妙招2：使用非谓语动词开头
非谓语动词包括现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式和动名词。非谓语动词可以表示原因、条件、伴随、结果等情况，既可以使叙述更加生动，又可以改变语言的节奏，从而使表达方式更加丰富多样。
第一段的续写除了使用形容词和副词开头，我们还可以用“Beating the pumpkin as hard as I could， I was anxious whether there was anyone who could come to help.”开头来续写下去。这里的非谓语动词短语Beating the pumpkin as hard as I could很好地表现了“我”的焦虑和惊慌失措。
妙招3：使用细节描写开头
叙述性的语言会使得故事的叙述较为平淡。细节描写就是作者通过具体的形象化的语言写人、状物，把客观对象写得有声、有色、有味、有形，使人有身临其境、如睹其人、如闻其声、如嗅其味、如见其色、如历其事的感觉。在续写时，我们可以多使用人物描写和环境描写，以增强表达效果。人物描写包括语言描写、动作描写、肖像描写以及心理描写等。环境描写则包括自然环境描写和社会环境描写。
续写部分的第一段，我们可以用环境描写开头，如“It was totally dark inside the pumpkin and it was dead silent around me except my cry for help. Nobody heard me！”。本句写了南瓜里的黑暗和周围环境的沉寂。环境描写使读者获得了身临其境的感觉。
续写部分的第二段，我们则可以用心理描写开头，如“Seeing the funny video of my getting stuck in the pumpkin， I was so embarrassed that I hoped that I could be a little mouse so that I could hide in a dark hole where no one could find me.”。本句使用embarrassed一词进行心理描写，兼用了现在分词和比喻的手法来展开续写，生动地表现了“我”看到视频后十分尴尬的心情。
妙招4：使用修辞手法开头
英语中的修辞多种多样，常见的修辞包括比喻、拟人、夸张、典故、双关、仿拟、设问、反讽、排比、反复等。使用修辞手法，可以让文章文采斐然，增强可读性。
续写第一段的段首句为“I was stuck for five or six minutes though it felt much longer.”，写出了“我”被卡住后的无奈、沮丧和焦虑。我们可以用“The pumpkin became a tight hoop spell around my neck.”开头，把卡住“我”的头的南瓜比喻成a tight hoop spell around my neck，这既生动形象，又令人忍俊不禁。
续写第二段的段首句为“The video was posted the day before Halloween.”，我们依然可用比喻的手法进行续写，如“It turned a overwhelming advertisement for someone hoping to become well known rather than me.”。本句将发布在网上的被南瓜卡住头的视频比喻成疯传的广告，生动表现了该视频传播的速度。