抒情散文读写指南

文体导读

抒情散文是重在表现作者感受、抒发作者情感的文章，它虽然也对具体事物进行记叙和描写，但通常没有贯穿全篇的情节，它或直抒胸臆、或触景生情、或托物言志。优秀的抒情散文选材广泛、立意独特、结构精巧、情感真挚、语言生动、意蕴丰富，常常运用象征和比拟的写作手法，将内在思想寓于外在形象之中，含蓄隐忍但仍不失情感张力。它虽然不似诗歌那样强调节奏和讲究韵律，但与诗歌类似，二者均洋溢着诗情画意和艺术感染力。

[抒情散文的语篇特征][文体风格][语篇结构][写作手法][形散神聚：选材自由，手法灵活，立意清晰][诗情画意：语言清新自然，优美雅致][真情实感：情感饱满，意蕴丰富，意境幽远][写景式：描摹景致，移步换景，产生联想，借景抒情][状物式：概述物体，总结物性，由物及入，托物言志][情索式：情感之缘起，情感之积蓄，情感之喷薄，情感之归结][描写：动静描写，虚实描写][抒情：直抒胸臆，寓情于景，托物言志，融情于事][记叙：辅助手段，推动情感]

策略导航

1. 对于抒情散文的分析与解读，不妨关注“词”和“句”两个方面。

品词：抒情散文因为篇幅较短，因此用词考究，词语含蓄、凝练，内涵丰富，可以从词中挖掘作者的思维链与情感线，此类关键词表现文章主旨，反映深层含义和具体语言环境，具有引申含义或者指代意义等。

品句：抒情散文不同句子间的连接在形式上看似松散，实则都服务于同一个立意和主题，此类关键句含有修辞手法，富有哲理性，具有表层和深层含义，与上下文的句子形成前后照应或对比等。

2. 抒情散文阅读需要遵循“LSEA原则”，此原则中L为Lead （行文线索），S为Structure （篇章结构），E为Emotion （情感色彩），A为Artistry （艺术技巧）。

素材导背

1. 描写事物

fragile 脆弱的；纤巧的

delicate 脆弱的；精细的

exquisite 精美的；雅致的

vulnerable 易受伤害的

flutter 振翅；鼓翼

snowy 雪白的

perfectly white 洁白无瑕的

ethereally beautiful 美得空灵

be drenched/soaked by the rain 被雨淋湿

be impeded in flight 无法飞行

2. 描写环境

drizzle 毛毛细雨

scattered showers 零星小雨

downpour 瓢泼大雨

rain dogs and cats 下倾盆大雨

scorching sun 炎阳

burning heat 灼人的热气

gentle breeze 微风

howling wind 呼啸的风

biting wind 刺骨的风

raging storm 狂风暴雨

changeable weather 多变的天气

3. 描写品质

staunch 坚定的

fearless 无畏的

tenacious 坚韧的；顽强的

unbeatable 无法战胜的

iron⁃willed 有钢铁般意志的

strong⁃willed 意志坚强的

against all odds 排除万难

with every ounce of strength 拼尽全力

with every fibre of ones being 竭尽所能

案例导练

Spring was very much in the air. In North China， however， the weather was agreeable but chilly. There was now a heart⁃warming spring wind， now a refreshing cold rain.

As I was walking on a meadow， I suddenly saw a snow⁃white butterfly lying on the tender green grass. It had been struck down by rain and was now unable to open out its tremulous wet wings. It was on the point of dying. Soft， slender and white like a snowflake， it looked so lovely and so pitiable.

Where was it from？ And where was it flying to？ I stared at it blankly， feeling like a drop of holy water had suddenly fallen into the depths of my soul and a ray of dazzling light， white and soft， had lit up my heart.

I bent down to gently pick it up with my fingers and placed it in the palm of my hand.

The little creature， stiff （僵硬的） with cold， looked dried up and， twitching （颤动） its thin legs slightly， fell on its side in my palm.

As I breathed on it to warm it up a bit， it came to life gradually. It might have been scared stiff and out of its senses by the violent storm of a moment ago. It was very slim. Its gossamer⁃like （像薄纱一样的） wings were white， soft and transparent. Its two black feelers were stretched ahead. Its two eyes were pitch⁃black. Its legs were thin like thread. What had led the weak little creature to venture out on the wing？ What unusual courage it had displayed in battling against the treacherous weather as a seeker！

Its regained consciousness had brought me immeasurable joy.

By now， the wind and rain had both left off. The whole universe was basking in brilliant sunlight. Everything was bright and beautiful. The leaves had turned from light green to dark green. The meadow was studded all over with small yellow flowers as tiny as grains of millet （小米）. After placing the butterfly on a sunbathed leaf， I turned to walk down the meadow. Then I heard a very， very distant call and took it for the sound of wind and rain， but soon I realized it had come from the depths of my heart—a call demanding to know why I had carelessly cast away the poor little creature. Thereupon， I turned back and came to an ancient big tree swinging gently in the breeze. To my great surprise， the butterfly was wriggling （蠕动） slightly on the leaf. I watched silently， avoiding alarming it. The sun was shining on the leaf with its reddish light， quivering and burning. It had brought fire， heat， light and life. It had dried up the raindrops and swept away the dust. And the tree leaf looked like a piece of green glass， transparent and crystal⁃clear.

Oh，my beautiful white butterfly！ Oh，my courageous white butterfly！ After trying several times， it finally managed to rise abruptly to its feet and spread its wings to fly. It circled agilely around me for quite a long time and then flew high into the cloudless skies like a tiny snowflake until it was out of sight.

Meanwhile， I got a bit sentimental. I had taken pity on the white butterfly when it was in hardship. But now， as it was soaring freely way up into the sky， I experienced a feeling of loss and sadness. “Oh， how mentally fragile man is！” I sighed. I stood， watching numbly  （麻木地） for a long time， and then turned to stroll away on the meadow.

Ⅰ. 阅读自测

[Gist 1. Which of the following can be the best title for the text？