主题三  饮食与文化

作者: 本刊试题研究中心

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

Doctors and nutritionists have been telling that one should not eat right before going tobed. However, one should also not eat late at night, according to a recent study. It has beensaid that when we eat late at night, we’re going against our body’s rhythm.According to the researchers from Brigham and Women’s Hospital, eating late at nightincreases the risk of obesity and weight gain. The analysis of the study revealed that thetime when people eat their last meal impacts the calories burned, appetite and how thebody stores fat.

To conduct their study, a total of 16 participants with the body mass index (BMI) thatis of the obese range or considered overweight were studied. Every one was given the samemeals and they were divided into two groups: The first group was required to eat their mealsearly in the day and the other with each meal 250 minutes late.

The team of researchers found that eating late had a significant impact on the regula⁃tion of hunger hormones. The level of leptin (瘦蛋白) inhibits the human appetite. It wasreduced across the period of 24 hours due to late eating. It was observed that eating latedoubled the chance of being hungry. When participants ate later, they burned calories at amuch slower rate.

In a press release, the first author Nina Vujovic said, “In this study, we asked asimple question,‘ Does the time that we eat matter when everything else is kept consis⁃tent?’ and we found that eating four hours later makes a major difference to the hunger lev⁃els, the way calories burn after we eat, and the way our body stores fat.”

This study adds to a growing body of evidence showing just how important meal timing can be when it comes to body weight. Based on what this and other studies have shown,people who are watching their weight may want to get rid of the late⁃night snacks and eatmost of their meals earlier in the day.

1. What’s the difference between the two groups in paragraph 3?

A. The variety of the diet.

B. The fat content in their meals.

C. The calories in their meals.

D. Their eating schedules.

2. What can we do to beat obesity according to the study?

A. Avoid eating late at night.

B. Keep a moderate sense of hunger.

C. Abandon consuming food low in fat.

D. Make sure to have supper at a set time.

3. What does the underlined word“ It” in paragraph 4 refer to?

A. The human appetite.

B. The leptin level.

C. The body mass index.

D. The chance of being hungry.

4. From which is the text probably taken?

A. A health magazine. B. A biology textbook.

C. A travel brochure. D. A biography.

Ⅱ. 补全信息

How tall are you? Do you tower over your friends and family—or are they people youliterally have to look up to? 1 But do you know that there’s a possibility that we’re allgetting taller?

Of course, our height is out of our control. 2 The idea that being taller gives youmore power and authority might be a tall story, but according to David Robson,“ On the ba⁃sis of first impressions alone, taller people may have the edge.” He adds that various stud⁃ies have found that the greater your height, the higher you score on measures of happiness and enjoyment of life.

3 Scientists have known for a long time that humans with good diets and reliableaccess to food tend to grow taller and mature more quickly. Adult height in some countrieshas rocketed as they transformed into a developed society.In a recent study, scientists have discovered a brain receptor, called MC3R, linked toour growing process. 4 “ It tells the body we’re great here and we’ve got lots of food, sogrow quickly, have puberty (发育期) soon and make lots of babies. This discovery couldlead to drugs to improve muscle mass and treat delayed growth,” UK researchers say.

For those eager to be taller, we need to look at the Dutch, who stand head and shoul⁃ders above the rest of us as the tallest people in the world. But, of course, tall people haveto stoop (俯身) through doorways and struggle to fit in cars and can have joint and cardio⁃vascular problems. 5

A. Are you getting as tall as you want to be?

B. It’s a biological fact influenced partly by genetics.

C. So maybe we should be careful for what we wish for.

D. Obviously, we’re not all the same, and size doesn’t really matter.

E. It’s thought to be the crucial link between food and sex development and growth.

F. There is a ceiling for height, and it’s reached when people achieve their genetic po⁃tential.

G. If this makes you want to be taller, it’s good to know we are taller than we were 150years ago.

Ⅲ. 完形填空

Eradajere Oleata thinks she may have a partial solution called the Chip Bag Projectfor two of her country’s persistent problems: garbage and poverty. The 26⁃year⁃old studentfrom Detroit is asking a(n) 1 of local snack lovers: 2 throw your empty chip bagsinto the trash, 3 them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.

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