ABSTRACTS

Pursuing Effective Demand to Lead Supply and Thereby Create Demand with High-Level Supply——Study of Xi’s Discussion on the Benign Interaction between Supply and Demand in Macroeconomic Governance Liu Wei（4）

Abstract：Studying Xi’s macroeconomic governance， especially his discussion of the benign interaction between supply and demand， will help us put in context China’s macroeconomic governance and macro-control policies. It will also help deepen our understanding of and consciously follow the objective economic laws of the new era. This course of action has important theoretical and practical significance for accelerating the construction of new， high-quality development patterns. In the face of such imbalances as insufficient demand for economic development，“Let the two approaches of deepening supply-side structural reform and expanding effective demand work together”is an important law that will help us to do economic work well in the new era. At present， to realize the needed synergy， policy orientation must focus on effective demand that leads supply and creates demand with high-level supply. To achieve this goal， policy efforts should focus on formulation and transmission mechanisms， governance mechanisms， and institutional foundations so macroeconomic governance and policy regulation will become more effective.

Keywords：macroeconomic governance；equilibrium between supply and demand；supply-side structural reform；effective demand；benign interaction

Special Work Team：New-style Deliberative and Coordinating Agency in China Liu Peng and Liu Zhipeng（13）

Abstract：Max Weber’s suggestion that bureaucracy originates from modern society has some shortcomings， such as institution design deficiency and an inability to respond to social transitions. Therefore， as China’s new type of deliberative and coordinating agency， the Special Work Team can be found at various levels of the Party and governments. It promotes inter-departmental cooperation  and responds to exernal uncertainties. The Team attends to policy implementation promotion and accomplishing governance tasks by targeting individual responsibility and focusing government attention. This article defines the Special Work Team concept， clarifies its main types， and analyzes the academic discussion around the concept. From the perspective of comparative study， the characteristics and mechanisms of the Special Work Team concept were analyzed through a summary of  debates from current research. From the perspective of bureaucracy， this paper provides an analytical framework to investigate the functions and mechanisms of the Special Work Team in optimizing the hierarchical system. Finally， the future of Special Work Team research is described.

Keywords：special work team；attention allocation；hierarchy；chinese path to modernization

Policy Experimentation： An Important Mechanism in Chinese Public PolicyHuang Biao（23）

Abstract：Policy experimentation is a crucial mechanism deeply rooted in China’s public policy system， standing as one of the keywords in China’s contemporary public administration. Experimentation-based policy processes in China significantly differ from the processes in Western countries， as it bypasses extensive policy discussions regarding agenda setting and scheme selection. The government authorizes selected localities to practice a new policy on a trial basis before its formal implementation. The appropriateness of vague policy objectives are examined as instruments are explored and pathways investigated to achieve policy goals. Policy experimentation reduces the possibility of policy disputes leading to unresolved issues and decreases the adjustment costs and potential risks of implementaiton. It has become a vital source of adaptability in Chinese public policy. Although policy experimentation may not yield the expected results， China’s current structural conditions and institutional foundations support its overall effectiveness. In pursuit of building China’s independent public administration knowledge base， further research should clarify the concept of policy experimentation， reveal the multiple logics behind it， and construct principles for conducting policy experimentation.

Keywords： public policy; policy experimentation; pilot; independent knowledge system

Externalizing Effect and Risk Governance of the Grassroots Smart Governance under the Leadership of the Communist Party of China Fang Lei and Yang Sihan（33）

Abstract：The grassroots smart governance under the leadership of the Communist Party of China （CPC） is an important way to accelerate the modernization of the grassroots governance system and governance capacity. It is also necessary to  continue evolve through the information age and  rejuvenate the Chinese nation through modernization. This governance practice shows the externalization effect of smart governance subjects， the mobility of smart governance behaviors， the commonality of smart governance platforms， and the integration of smart governance services. However， it also shows the risk of technological dependence from “simplification” to “reduction”， the risk of technological alienation from “empowerment” to “negative energy”， and the risk of information formality from “quality improvement” to “performance improvement”. At present， the Party’s leadership will guide the rational return of grassroots smart governance values， the drive among the cadres and masses for smart governance synchronization， the multi-dimensional technology integration to build grassroots smart governance integration platforms， the improvements to the system to effectively guarantee the order of grassroots smart governance， and the joint promotion of grassroots governance towards a new era of wisdom.