从脾经论治2型糖尿病合并高脂血症的临床疗效观察

作者: 张彦利 朱志敏 刘霞 马小英 姜媛媛

从脾经论治2型糖尿病合并高脂血症的临床疗效观察0

【摘要】  目的  以足太阴脾经为理论基础,观察针药结合治疗2型糖尿病合并高脂血症(脾虚痰湿内阻证)临床疗效。方法  选取2024年2-12月医院收治的60例2型糖尿病合并高脂血症患者作为研究对象,根据性别、年龄、病程、体质量指数等基线资料组间匹配的原则分为观察组和对照组,每组各30例。对照组患者在常规治疗+口服阿托伐他汀钙,观察组患者在常规治疗的基础上给予口服中药汤剂联合针刺治疗,共治疗8周。比较两组患者治疗效果。结果 给予健脾化湿方联合针刺治疗的观察组患者治疗总有效率为96.67%,高于对照组的63.337%,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05))。治疗前,两组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2h血糖(PBG)和糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)等糖代谢指标水平和血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)等脂代谢指标水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者上述糖代谢、脂代谢指标水平均显著下降,但观察组患者各项指标水平均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)等炎症因子水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者上述炎症因子水平均下降,但观察组患者各项炎症因子水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 从足太阴脾经论治2型糖尿病合并高脂血症,针药结合治疗可有效调节患者糖脂代谢、控制炎症因子水平,是一种有效的治疗方法。

【关键词】  脾经;2型糖尿病合并高脂血症;健脾化湿方;针刺治疗;糖脂代谢;炎症因子

中图分类号  R259   文献标识码  A    文章编号  1671-0223(2025)11--05

Clinical observation on the therapeutic effect of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperlipidemia from the perspective of spleen meridian theory  Zhang Yanli, Zhu Zhimin, Liu Xia, Ma Xiaoying, Jiang Yuanyuan. Yulin City Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yulin 719000, China

【Abstract】  Objective  Based on the theory of Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian, to observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with medicine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with hyperlipidemia (spleen deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome). Methods From February to December 2024, 60 patients with type 2 diabetes combined with hyperlipidemia admitted to the hospital were selected as the research objects. According to the principle of matching between the baseline data groups, such as gender, age, course of disease, body mass index, etc., they were divided into the observation group and the control group, with 30 cases in each group. The control group received conventional treatment plus oral atorvastatin calcium, while the observation group received oral Chinese medicine decoction combined with acupuncture treatment on the basis of conventional treatment for a total of 8 weeks. Compare the treatment outcomes of two groups of patients. Results  The total effective rate of the observation group treated with Jianpi Huashi Formula combined with acupuncture was 96.67%, which was higher than the control group's 63.337%, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of glucose metabolism indicators such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (PBG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc), as well as serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), between the two groups of patients (P>0.05); After treatment, the levels of glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism indicators in both groups of patients decreased, but the levels of various indicators in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of inflammatory factors such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) between the two groups of patients (P>0.05); After treatment, the levels of the above-mentioned inflammatory factors decreased in both groups of patients, but the levels of various inflammatory factors in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion  The combination of acupuncture and medicine can effectively regulate the metabolism of glucose and lipid in patients with type 2 diabetes combined with hyperlipidemia, and control inflammatory indicators. It is an effective treatment method.

【Key words】   Spleen meridian; Type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperlipidemia; Spleen-nourishing and dampness-resolving prescription; Acupuncture treatment; Glucose and lipid metabolism; Inflammatory factors

高脂血症和糖尿病都属于慢性代谢性疾病[1],二者之间有着紧密的联系。糖尿病由于胰岛素抵抗或分泌不足,导致脂酶活性降低,进而引起血脂异常,最终导致动脉粥样硬化的发生[2]。高脂血症和糖尿病都是心血管疾病的重要危险因素,增加了患者发病率和死亡率,对其生活质量及生命安全造成严重威胁。有研究发现[3],高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)等炎症因子在2型糖尿病、高脂血症和其他慢性病的病理过程中发挥着重要作用。故纠正糖脂代谢紊乱、控制炎症因子水平等成为了治疗2型糖尿病合并高脂血症的重点。中医在治疗2型糖尿病、高脂血症等慢性病疾病方面有着独特的优势。本研究基于中医基础理论,以足太阴脾经为核心,针药结合论治2型糖尿病合并高脂血症,取得较好的效果,现将结果报告如下。

1  对象与方法

1.1  研究对象

2024年2-12月医院收治的60例2型糖尿病合并高脂血症患者作为研究对象。纳入标准:同时符合中医诊断标准和西医诊断标准;未接受任何除本研究之外的治疗方案。排除标准:有精神疾病史者;心、肝、肾功能异常者;入组前1个月内服用过降脂类药物者;甲状腺功能异常者。本研究经本院医学伦理委员会审核批准。所有患者均知情同意,并签署知情同意书。

根据性别、年龄、病程、体质量指数等基线资料组间匹配的原则分为观察组和对照组,每组各40例。对照组男17例,女13例;年龄18~70岁,平均46.22±5.91岁; 病程5~20年,平均11.94±3.45年;体质量指数(BMI):27.41±3.58。观察组男19例,女11例;年龄18~70岁,平均45.38±6.27岁;病程4~19年,平均12.13±3.21年;BMI:27.35±3.26。两组患者上述一般基线资料比较,差异均无统计学意义( P>0.05),有可比性。

(1)中医诊断标准:根据《糖尿病中医辨证标准》和《中医内科学》相关标准拟定,结合患者临床表现,明确为脾虚痰湿内阻证;具备以下症状:乏力、纳差、头闷、身体困重、多饮、多尿、多食,舌淡、苔腻、脉濡等。

(2)西医诊断标准:符合《中国2型糖尿病防治指南》2型糖尿病诊断标准[4],且符合《成人高脂血症食养指南》高脂血症诊断标准,即可诊断为2型糖尿病合并高脂血症。

1.2  治疗方法

1.2.1  对照组  在常规降糖治疗的基础上给予阿托伐他汀钙片(辉瑞制药有限公司,批准文号: 国药准字 H20051407,20mg) 20mg 口服 1次/晚。两组均治疗8周。

1.2.2  观察组  在常规降糖治疗的基础上给予健脾化湿方联合针刺治疗。具体内容如下。

(1)健脾化湿方:中药组成党参 30g、黄芪 30g、茯苓 15g、白术 15g、苍术 10g、山药 15g、泽泻 10g、绞股蓝 10g、红曲 6g、山楂 15g、丹参 15g加减。所有药材均购自榆林市中医医院中药房,每日1剂。步骤如下:将上述中药加适量水浸泡30min,熬煮2次,第1次1h,第2次0.5h,混合2次滤液,留取200ml,早晚分服。

(2)针刺治疗: 主穴(阴陵泉、地机、太白、三阴交);配穴(脾俞、胰俞、足三里),操作:①患者取合适体位、定穴;②消毒:双手、穴位常规消毒;③进针:将针垂直刺入穴位;④行针:5min行针1次(施以相应的补泻手法)留针30分钟,1次/d;⑤出针:按压针孔片刻。每周3次(隔日1次),1周为1个疗程。

1.3  观察指标

(1)临床效果:根据患者症状、血糖血脂控制情况,将临床效果分为4个等级。①临床治愈:患者疾病症状消失,血糖控制达标[空腹血糖(FBG)<7.0mmol/L、餐后2h血糖(PBG)<8.0mmol/L],脂代谢指标、炎性指标较治疗前下降≥50%,且在一定时间内无复发迹象。②显效:症状明显减轻,血糖控制接近达标(FBG:7.0~8.0mmol/L、PBG:8.0~10.0mmol/L),脂代谢指标、炎性指标较治疗前下降≥30%但<50%,不良反应轻且可控。③有效:症状有所减轻,血糖较治疗前下降(FBG≥8.0mmol/L、PBG≥10.0mmol/L),脂代谢指标、炎性指标较治疗前下降≥10%但<30%。④无效:经过治疗后,血糖控制未达标(FBG、PBG均较治疗前无明显改善),脂代谢指标、炎性指标均无改善。

(2)实验室相关指标:抽取患者治疗前及治疗8周后静脉血,测定糖代谢指标:FBG、PBG、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c);脂代谢指标:血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C);炎症因子指标:hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6。

1.4  数据分析方法

运用 SPSS 23.0统计学软件分析处理数据,正态分布的计量资料采用“均数±标准差”表示,组间均数比较采用t 检验;计数资料计算百分率,组间率比较采用χ2检验。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2  结果

2.1  两组患者治疗效果比较

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