中译英策略与方法(三十三)

作者: 鲍川运

这一期继续讨论抽象名词。与往常一样,讨论的目的主要是展现一个合理的翻译认知过程,寻找对原文理解的各个角度,在充分理解的基础上确定适当的译文。翻译的思路决定翻译的方法,而不是反之。通过大量的练习和分析,形成一个重视对语言内涵进行分析的习惯。

1. 格调

根据《现代汉语词典》(第7版)的说明,“格调”指不同作家或不同作品的艺术特点的综合表现,也指人的风格或品格。与其他抽象名词的处理方法一样,不一定必须找一个对应词,而是可以通过各种不同的方式将“格调”的意思表述出来。先看看下面的例句:

这幅画作的格调高雅,展现了画家深厚的艺术造诣。

This painting, created in a meticulous and elegant style, shows the exquisite craftsmanship of the artist.

开业典礼很重要,要办得有品质,有格调。

The grand opening is very important, and we want to make it an impeccable event, with style and class.

这篇文章格调优美,读一读肯定很惬意。

This is a beautifully written article, and it must be an enjoyable read.

这个短视频很博眼球,但是制作格调显然有些粗俗。

The short video is very eye-catching, but apparently it was made with poor taste.

客厅里灯饰、挂画、小摆设等格调都协调一致。

We have the lightings, artworks, and other decors in the living room that fit together nicely.

小区有十几栋格调各异的独栋别墅。

There are over a dozen detached homes in this complex, each with its own unique design.

对“格调”这个词,很难找到一个统一的对应表达方法,还是需要根据不同的语境,采用灵活的处理方式。这几个例句的处理有一个共同的特点,即大多通过结构的方式表达“格调”的意思,而没有试图找一个对应词,即对“格调”的意思进行描述,而不是采用noun + of的结构。例如,头两句用了in meticulous and elegant style、with style and class之类的短语,后面几句也是通过短语或句子的描述而将“格调”的意思表达出来。再看看用“格调”形容人的用法:

他虽然年轻,但做事情很有格调。

Young as he is, he does things with thoughtfulness and impeccable taste.

他是一个很有格调的人,待人接物非常有礼貌。

He is a man of faultless manners, always courteous and respectful.

老李今年八十多了,每天早上起来泡一杯清茶,看看当天的报纸,生活很有格调。

Lao Li, now in his eighties, leads a life of leisure and gentle tranquility, beginning his day with a cup of tea and the morning paper.

这几个例句中,根据语境确定“格调”的内涵,对“格调”都进行了不同的处理。

2. 品味

《现代汉语词典》(第7版)对“品味”(名词)的解释是:(物质的)品质和风味;格调和趣味。看看下面的例句:

这家餐厅的菜品很有品味。

Food at this restaurant is simply exquisite.

我的老师艺术品味很高,对现代绘画颇有研究。

My professor has a sophisticated taste of art and is particularly well-versed in modern painting.

这幅画的意境太深远了,我真是太喜欢这种艺术品味了!

The painting is incredibly profound! I’m truly captivated by this kind of artistry.

她交友广泛,但品味很高,只和志同道合的人交往。

She has many friends, but she is very selective about whom to befriend, associating basically with those who share her values and perspectives.

他的穿着不拘一格, 不经意中却透出不一般的品位。

He dresses with a unique and eclectic style in a way that shows a clear underlying tastefulness.

耐得住寂寞是一种境界和品味。

To maintain composure in loneliness is a sign of sophistication and character.

语言的魅力往往就体现在其内涵在不同语境下的变化。通过这些例句,可以看到“品味”在不同语境下表现出不同侧重点:有的表示品质和风味,有的表示格调和趣味。从具体的策略来看,有的也是采用对“品味”这个名词进行描述的方式,而不是每次都找一个对应名词。

3. 底蕴

“底蕴”是近年来使用频率较高的一个词,《现代汉语词典》(第7版)的解释是,蕴含的才智、功力等,也指文明的积淀,例如“中华文化的底蕴”。看看这个词在例句中的使用:

这款茶叶经过多年的陈放,茶香更加浓郁,底蕴更加深厚。

Years of aging have intensified the aroma and richness of the tea.

城市吸引力和竞争力的提高离不开其文化底蕴的提升。

A diverse and vibrant culture is an important factor that helps enhance a city’s appeal and competitiveness.

这个城市文化底蕴较深,有三所百年名校。

The city, as home to three long-standing universities in the country, is a place with deep cultural and educational heritage.

这几座山都是中国的名山,人文底蕴博大精深。

These are all renowned mountains in China imbued with a deep historical and cultural significance.

他的学术论文,学术底蕴深厚,论证严谨,被广泛认为具有较高的学术价值。

His paper, grounded in solid research and meticulous argumentation, is widely regarded as a seminal paper in the area.

这幅画作以独特的视角,展现了这个民族的民族底蕴和艺术成就。

The painting, from a unique perspective, unveils the artistic genius and character of this people.

从这些例句中可以看出,用一个统一的名词表示“底蕴”的意思也比较困难,也没有必要。还是需要根据每一个具体语境判断“底蕴”的内涵。

4. 底色

“底色”也是一个常用词,指底子的颜色,指事物本身固有的基本特点和本质属性,也常常用于比喻,指人的本性、本色、本源、基本素养等。看看“底色”在各种语境下的使用:

绿色是大自然的底色, 代表着生命与希望。

As the prime color of nature, green represents life and hope.

这个故事的底色是悲剧的。

The story is basically a tragedy.

这个城市的底色是开放包容的国际化。

At its core, this is a global city that embraces openness and inclusivity.

这个地区居住着五个少数民族,多元的民族风情成为它的底色。

This place is home to five minority ethnic groups with diverse customs that have shaped the unique identity of the region.

军人的底色是坚韧不拔的意志。

An unbreakable will is what makes a soldier.

他一生务农,勤劳已经成为一种底色, 沉淀在骨子里,融入了血液中。

He has been a farmer his whole life, and hard work is deeply instilled in him as if in his bones and blood.

除第一句外,“底色”在其他各句中都使用了比喻义,也增加了翻译的难度。如果单纯地进行名词汉英对应式的翻译,很难处理好“底色”的翻译。要翻译好这个词,一是要把握好“底色”在不同语境下的内涵,二是在表述形式上做到灵活,可以通过结构描述表达名词的意思。

5. 涵养/修养/素质

这几个词意思比较接近,放在一起讨论。根据《现代汉语词典》(第7版):“涵养”指能控制情绪的功夫;“修养”指理论、知识、艺术、思想等方面的一定水平,或者养成的待人处事的正确态度;“素质”指素养。总的来说,涵养侧重于外在表现,修养侧重于内在,素质则是一个更全面的概念。

(1)涵养:

当时的情况你不知道有多气人。我没有张嘴骂人,就已经很有涵养了。

You have no idea how frustrating everything was at the time. I was amazed how much patience I had to keep me from saying something mean.

会议的讨论火药味很浓,但是他最后的总结很有深度、很有涵养。

It was a meeting with fiery exchanges, but he made some concluding remarks that were balanced and insightful.

经典小说推荐

杂志订阅